1. Exotic Species

2. Recreation - Brown Trout

3. Ring-necked Pheasant

4. Chukar

5. Red Deer – New Zealand

6. Whimsy or Aesthetics – European Starling

7. House Sparrow

8. Exotic plants in New Zealand Native flora of 2065 species 24,774 documented introduced alien species About 2200 exotics have become established (naturalized)

9. Multiflora Rose

10. Tree of Heaven - Ailanthus Light blue – counties where Ailanthus is present

11. Scotch Broom

12. Walking Catfish

13. Cherry Headed Conures in San Francisco

14. Monk Parrots – Chicago, Harold Washington Park and Hyde Park

15. Science - Gypsy Moth

17. Africanized Honey Bees

18. Movement of Africanized Honey Bees

20. Inn-Siang Ooi – Knox Alum http://strangebehaviors.wordpress.com/2011 /01/14/the-wall-of-the-dead/http://strangebehaviors.wordpress.com/2011 /01/14/the-wall-of-the-dead/

21. Biocontrol

22. Klamath Weed – aka – St. John’s Wort

23. Chrysolina beetle

24. Prickly Pear Hedge - Tunisia

25. Prickly pear in Australia – before control

26. Cactoblastis cactorum

27. Prickly pear – same location after control

28. Red Fox - Australia With native Bobuck possum

29. Red fox - Australia

30. Impact of Exotic Species

31. Predators and Grazers – Stephen Island, New Zealand

32. Stephen Island Wren

33. Brown Tree Snake

34. Many Brown Tree Snakes

35. Brown Tree Snake on Guam and Beyond

36. Decline in cichlid species due to Nile Perch in Lake Victoria

37. California Channel Islands

38. Sheep grazing – Channel Islands

39. Channel Island Coreopsis

40. Emerald Ash Borer

44. Parasites and Pathogens 16th Century Drawings of Native Americans with Smallpox

45. Chestnut blight canker and fungus

46. Spread of Chestnut Blight

47. Dutch Elm Disease – The Way to Knox

51. Elm Bark Beetle

52. Elm Bark Beetle Galleries

53. Parasites and Pathogens Avian Malaria and Hawaiian Native Birds like Scarlet Honeycreeper

54. Avian malaria occurs in areas below white line on Island of Hawaii

55. Avian Malaria and Abundance of Native Birds Gray line – mosquito abundance; solid black line – prevalence of avian malaria; dashed line – native bird adundance

56. Competitors – Purple Loosestrife

57. Purple Loosestrife

58. Purple Loosestrife Distribution

59. Control of Purple Loosestrife

60. Expansion of Water Hyacinth from Native Brazil

61. Water Hyacinth in India

62. Kudzu flower

63. Kudzu vines

64. Kudzu Car

65. Kudzu Distribution

66. European Starling and Eastern Bluebird

67. Starling and Bluebird Competition

68. Honeybee – Apis melliflora and native Bumble-bee - Bombus vosnesenskii

69. Honey Bee – Colony Collapse

70. Colony Collapse Disorder - Trends

71. Hybridization – Cordgrass – Spartina alterniflora

72. Spartina Hybridization A = Spartina alterniflora B = S. maritima C = S. x townsendii D = S. anglica

73. Invasive Spartina anglica in San Francisco Bay

74. Ecosystem Effects - Blue Gum

75. Oak savanna to Eucalyptus forest

76. Charles Elton - 1927

78. Where do we find successful exotics? From Elton 1.Disturbed habitats are especially susceptible to invasion by exotics 2.Islands are also vulnerable to invasions 3.So-called weedy species are especially successful – general habitat requirements, withstand human disturbance, large numbers of offspring, good dispersal abilities

80. Minimum Viable Population The smallest population for a species which can be expected to survive for a long time Many factors effect MVP – the study of those factors is often called Population Viability Analysis – or Population Vulnerability Analysis – or PVA

81. English Skylark

84. Metapopulations

85. Metapopulation A series of small, separate populations united together by dispersal Thus even if all members of one population go extinct, other populations survive and dispersal from survivor populations can recolonize the area – a rescue effect

86. Metapopulation Dynamics

87. Bay Checkerspot Butterfly

88. Population dynamics of Bay Checkerspot Butterfly

89. Bay Checkerspot Jasper Ridge

90. Species persistence in metapopulations Varies with factors effecting extinction and colonization such as: Distances between patches Species dispersal ability Number of patches

91. Types of Metapopulations

93. Possible mountain (desert bighorn) sheep dispersal routes Dispersal corridors predicted by the best-fitting dispersal model (15/0̣10) and the HM population model, depicted with hill-shade topography. Black lines indicate least-costly corridor routes for corridors with, yellow lines indicate least-costly corridor routes that (a) were severed by anthropogenic barriers; or (b) were re- established by translocated populations. Corridors are presented based on (a) all extant populations within the study area, with and without current anthropogenic barriers considered; and (b) extant populations with and without those successfully reestablished by translocation, with current anthropogenic barriers considered. Epps et al. 2007

94. Furbish’s Lousewort