1. Ethanol Waste Paper Converting Waste Paper into Ethanol March 28, 2008

2. Outline 1.U.T.C. Engineering 2.Agricultural Comparison 3.Papernol Process Overview 4.Material Balances 5.Energy Balances 6.Equipment Sizing and Cost 7.Full Scale Outlook 8.Current Development

3. Freshman Design Heat & Mass Transfer Reactor Design Distillation Process design Unit Operations Senior Papernol Project Engineering Economics Thermodynamics Intro Chemical Process

4. UTC Papernol Team - 2008

5. How is Papernol Different?

6. Papernol Advantages  Value added to waste stream  Resource from Local Community  Improves Local Economy  Minimal Transportation/Fuel Inputs  No Cropland Requirement

7. Acid Hydrolysis: Dilute acid to generate glucose from cellulose Fermentation: Convert Glucose into Ethanol Purification: Separate Ethanol from water Preparation and Hydrolysis FermentationPurification Papernol Process [C 6 H 10 O 5 ] + H 2 O + H +  C 6 H 12 O 6 C 6 H 12 O 6 + Yeast  2 CO 2 +2 C 2 H 6 O

8. Material Balances PAPER 10,000 lb/day EtOH 500 gal/day

9. Preparation (Basis 10,000 lb paper/Day) 10,000 lb paper 150,000 lb H 2 O 160,000 lb slurry *8,000 lb cellulose* Research: 7% paper water mixture 80% paper is cellulose

10. Hydrolysis (Basis 10,000 lb paper/Day) 2600 lb steam/hr 1600 lb H 2 SO 4 acid 10 lb steam/hr 70% conversion 150,000 lb H 2 O *5600 lb glucose* 160,000 lb slurry 7300 lb solid waste 1300 lb NaOH

11. Evaporation - Fermentation (Basis 10,000 lb paper/Day) 150,000 lb H 2 O *5600 lb glucose* 62,000 lb H 2 O *5600 lb glucose* 62,000 lb H 2 O *2850 lb EtOH* 2750 lb CO 2 1600 gal CW/hr 860 lb yeast 3,000 lb steam/hr

12. Purification (Basis 10,000 lb paper/Day) 65,000 lb EtOH–H 2 O 1.8% EtOH 2,800 lb EtOH 62,200 lb H 2 O 500 gal EtOH Azeotrope at 88%

13. Energy Balances Q IN = 49 million BTU/day Q PRODUCT = 38 million BTU/day Q ADDED Q LOST

14. Preparation 55 kW18 kW

15. Hydrolysis Q IN =2.1 MM BTU/hr Q IN =7700 BTU/hr

16. Evaporation - Fermentation Q OUT = 333,000 BTU/hr Q IN = 4 MM BTU/hr

17. Purification Q IN = 2750 BTU/hr Q IN = 2.5 MM BTU/hr Q OUT = 1.7 MM BTU/hr Q OUT =9300 BTU/hr

18. Equipment Size and Cost EquipmentSize(ft 3 )QuantityTotal Cost (1000$) Storage Hopper9832 Shredder1700132 Mixer1700142 Hydrolysis Tank2700126 Evaporator1 Fermentation Vessel800461 Mixer fermentation 2011 Distillation Column3601600 Molecular Sieve220

19. Equipment Size and Cost EquipmentSize(ft 3 )QuantityTotal Cost (1000$) Slurry Pump122 Slurry Heat Exchanger2500 ft 2 1102 Acid Heat Exchanger11 ft 2 13 ConveyorN/A222

20. Current Development  Economics  Environmental Aspects  (CO 2 foot print)  Utility Costs

21. Stages of Project Development Lab Proof of Concept Medium Small Demonstration Pilot Integrated Processing Full Scale Unit Orange Grove Center Lab Scale – Proof of Concept Currently in Progress at UTC Available Budget: $500 Restricted Testing Medium Scale: 2008-2009 Small Demonstration Budget: $150,000 Tested Using UTC ENGR Labs Pilot Scale: 2009-2010 Integrated Processing Utilize TVA/UTC Chickamauga Site Estimated Budget: $1,000,000 Orange Grove: 2010-2011 Full Unit Skid-Mounted Modular Estimated budget: $3,000,000

22. Potential Orange Grove Site Process 10,000 lb Paper =500 gal of Ethanol per day => Three Tractor Trailers

23. Papernol Outlook  Orange Grove = 500 gal/day max.  Adds value to Orange Grove  Competitive with Corn & Switchgrass  A Renewable Ethanol Source

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