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Observations of proto-planetary disks and exo- planets with the JWST E. Pantin, P.O. Lagage and the MIRI science team
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry SPITZER (IRAC, 8 m)JWST (MIRI, 7.7 m)
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Thermal Background
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry + FGS: Tunable Filter Instrument 1.5-5 um, R= 100, NRM (21 baselines)
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry NIRCAM coronagraphic occulters 3 apodized SPOTS 2 apodized WEDGES
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry MIRI Fields of View, Coronagraphs F1550C or (F1550C+ F1140C) => Teff, CO 2, clouds F1065C + F1140C => Ammonia, clouds, T° probe F0560W => water F0770W => methane All + modeling => some atmospheric parameters Some degeneracies exist => combination with NIR is crucial 4QPM Coronagraphs 15.5µm 11.4µm 10.65µm 24 x 24 arcsec. Low Resolution Spectrometer 5 x 0.6 arcsec Imager 75 x 113 arcsec Medium Resolution Spectrometer > 3.5 x 3.5 arcsec Lyot Mask 23 m 30” x 30”
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Principle of 4QPM IWA /D 0.35" (n-1)e =/2
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry NIRCAMMIRITFI-NRM Central wavelength 2.5 m15 m4 m Median angular resolution 0.1 "0.6 "0.07 " Coronagraphic mode Yes NA Field~ 20x20 " ~ 0.6 "
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Sensitivity
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Major points: extreme sensitivity combined fairly good angular resolution ("a VISIR in space") stability JWST is not meant to discover new exoplanets but characterize already known ones
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Exo-planets
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Exo-planets imaging science case
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Simulated coronagraphic images NIRCAM: M0 star 4 pc 2 M j 7 AU 1 M Jup 5 M Jup 10 M Jup 500 K 10 Myr 165 Myr 670 Myr 300 K 80 Myr 1 Gyr 3.5 Gyr MIRI: M2V star 10 pc 5, 10, 15 AU 1h integration = 11.4 m
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Rejection performance Beichman, 2010
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Parameters space NIRCAM/TFI/MIRI M stars Bright early-type stars GROUND-BASED IMAGING
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry
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JWST exoplanets imaging science case A simulated targets sample for exoplanets detection
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Simulated performances Sample program Monte-Carlo ~700 stars) 1000 runs d< ~150 age : 1 Myr- 1 Gyr 1 dispersion, all stars 25 best (highest detection success rate) symbol sizes fractional detection rate Beichman et al., 2010
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Full sample NIRCAM MIRI TFI-NRM
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry M stars only NIRCAM MIRI young planets < M j old planets > M j
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Giant planets formation mechanism around low-mass stars: The M stars niche for MIRI imager
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry The ("adolescent") M stars opportunity
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry The M stars opportunity 12 M0-M5 stars d=10-40 pc ages < 200 Myr TW Hya (10 Myr) Pic mg (12 Myr) Tucana-Horologium (30 Myr) AB doradus (80 Myr) Castor mg (200 Myr) complementary NIRCAM and TFI observations are compulsory to assess the planetary nature of sources found !!
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Exoplanets characterization using mid-IR spectroscopy
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Exoplanets mid-IR spectra
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Hot Jupiter primary and secondary transits (NIRCAM, NIRspec) courtesy of J. Valenti HD209459 b secondary transitprimary transit t=6h hot neptunes spectra (4 transits) are accessible using NIRCAM-NIRspec instruments
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Exo-Earths transit spectra (NIRspec, MR) NIRspec simulated spectrum of a (H2 rich) super-Earth exoplanet (GL581-like, M3, 6 pc, 20 transits) Clampin, 2009
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry MIRI transit spectroscopy (probably not as performant as NIRCAM/NIRspec, TBC) imaging (++) spectral deconvolution using the MRS
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A couple of (non exhaustive) niches concerning telluric planets !
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry The molten exo-Earths opportunity Miller-ricci et al., 2009 No atmosphere 100 000 yr cooling time Atmosphere 1-10 Myr cooling time
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Exo-rings SECP rings can survive on Gyr-timescales ! Pantin et al., in prep
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Exo-rings Detection limit "Fomalhaut b-like" ring
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Circumstellar disks
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Spectroscopy of PP disks
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Spectroscopy of PP disks : a key program for MIRI GTO observations Full inventory of organic (pre-biotic) species : oNH 3 oC 6 H 6 oCH 4 oHCO + oHCN Full inventory of organic (pre-biotic) species : oNH 3 oC 6 H 6 oCH 4 oHCO + oHCN
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry
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THE MIRI GTO imaging proposal on proto- planeteary disks
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Goals study: large-scale geometry of the disks: MIRI tremendous sensitivity allows to observe the disks up to very large distances from the star for the first time, a large sample of T-Tauri disks are observable/resolvable in the mid-IR disks (dust) vertical structure dust settling dust coagulation disks stratification search for forming/formed planets signature: direct detection of forming protoplanet is highly unlikely (brightness peak@accreting phase ?) embedded massive bodies produce structures in disks: ogaps obright rims oasymmetries
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MIRI study of Large Scale Structure of Protoplanetary Disks
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry What do we observe in the mid-IR range ? Mainly the thermal emission from heated dust grains Mainly the inner rim (1500 K) that produces >90% of the total 10 m flux (continuum) coronagraphic mode is compulsory to avoid detector saturation (F max =20 mJy) and decrease photon noise Once, the inner rim masked/subtracted, the thermal emission produced at the disks' surface ( =1), on intermediate distance scales (3-100 AU) PAH emission (7.7, 8.6, 11.3 m) on larger scales ( R out ) ~1 AU,10 mas ~100 AU
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Large Scale Parameters Star measure: scale height at a given distance flaring parameter dust sizes vs distance dust composition vs distance indirect indications/constraints on: gas content turbulence (small grains) surface density HD97048 8.6 m VLT/VISIR (Lagage et al. 2006)
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Disks in "transition" phase HD 95881 model sketch
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Continuum profiles In the case of Herbig disks, the PAH emission (8.6, 11.3 m) is brighter and more extended than continuum emission MIRI
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Scattered mid-IR emission
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MIRI study of Disks Vertical Structure
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Disks appareance
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry PAH dominated spectrum Disks appareance as a probe of dust settling
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Signatures of giant planets formation in PP disks
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Simulated observations of a PP disk with a giant exoplanet ELT/METIS (2018 + ?) 1 M j @20 AU d = 100 pc Herbig Ae-type disk
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Why "long-wavelength" data ( >20 m) are also very important ? HD142527 Q2 PSF subtracted PSF subtraction Verhoeff et al., 2010, submitted 11.8 m 19 m 11.8 m 1" HD142527 Herbig star VISIR image SiC (10.8 um) = 18.7 m
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry The MIRI disks imaging GTO sample 10.6, 11.4, 15.5, 23 m coronagraphic imaging 10 Herbig / 14 T-Tauri / 2 brown dwarves A large sample of moderately inclined disks A handful of almost edge-on disks ("disk tomography", direct imaging) a selection of "transition disks" (last stages of planet formation ???) Several star forming regions/evolutionary stages represented (Chameleon, Taurus-Aurigae, Scorpus, Ophiuchi Good overlap/complementarity with the spectroscopic program
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Imaging of debris disks
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry NIRCAM imaging Pic-like disk @ 100 pc residual wavefront error (~ 200 "zodis")
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry MIRI imaging
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Complementary with existing/future facilities
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Conclusions no major step in angular resolution capabilities (~ground) not an exoplanets "hunter" but amazing sensitivity (extended sources !) and stability: 10 3 gain factor full set of space-born coronagraphic capabilities 2-25 m JWST will characterize wide separation (5-100 AU) giant exoplanets (M>M s ) and discover new ones around faint (M) stars spectroscopy of giant exoplanets R=10 R=3000 unique to detect/characterize thermal emission ( scattered emission) of disks
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Things the JWST cannot (or badly) do faint stars (M!), no AO limitation PSF subtraction very long integrations follow-ups
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Wolfgang Brandner (MPIA) E-ELT Design Reference Mission (DRM & DRSP Workshop, Garching, 26.-29. May 2009 28-30/05/2010 Kiel Disks and exoplanets : sciences cases for interferometry Compared performances ELT/METIS (see M.Kissler-Patig presentation, B.Brandl poster) good sensitivity to point sources and peaky structures (~25 Jy at 10 m) excellent angular resolution (0.05"/10 m), direct imaging of planetary regions (r<30 AU) in closest disks (d<150 pc) will be achievable very limited sensitivity (~10 mJy/" 2, nul in some cases !) to extended emission JWST/MIRI (see A.Glasse presentation) very good sensitivity to point sources (~1 Jy at 10 m) angular resolution (0.3" at 10 m) comparable to that of current 8m- class telescopes instruments (e.g. VISIR) awesome sensitivity to extended emission (~1 Jy/" 2 at 10 m) Same wavelength coverage, high level of complementary between extended source sensitivity/angular resolution
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