1. Characteristics of Chemical Families

2. Alkali Metals _____ valence electron Very _________, especially with H2O _________, silvery-white, ________ Good ____________ of heat and electricity Never found _________ in nature because they are so reactive Uses – Li, medicine – Na, soap, salt, lye, fertilizer Sources – Electrocuting melted salts

3. Alkaline-Earth Metals ______ valence electrons Very _________, not found ____________ in nature Very high ________ & ________ pts React with _______ & ________ _________ solids __________ heat and electricity Uses – Radio parts, steel, medicine, fireworks Sources – Ores, sea water

4. Transition Metals Most have ______ valence electrons # of __________ varies! Groups ________ Ductile, malleable, ________ (except Hg) Conduct ________ & ___________ Most discovered in ____________ Uses – Paint, rubber, jewelry, coins, electronic tools, wire Sources – Crust of Earth mined and refined, ores of metals (some man-made)

5. Metalloids _________ valence electrons Cross between ________ & __________ Properties of both metals and nonmetals __________ of heat and electricity Along “____________” line on p-table Uses – computers calculators, glass, plastics Sources – Mining clay, granite, quartz, sand, refining metals

6. Other Metals __________ valence electrons Ductile, _________, solid, __________ __________ density High ___________ point Most discovered in __________ Uses – airplanes, semi-conductors, pops cans, bike parts Sources – Bauxite, coal, zinc refining

7. Non-Metals ____________ valence electrons ________ or _______ at room temp _______, don’t reflect light (not shiny) _______ conductors of heat/electricity No metallic ________ 6 of 7 essential elements for life (____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____) Uses – Supports life, medicine, steel, fertilizer, matches Sources – Mining, oil/gas wells, air

8. Halogens ___ valence electrons Non-metallic, _____, _______ or ________ at room temp. React with metals to form _______ (“halogen” means _________) ______ - conductors of heat/electricity Uses – Refrigerants, water purification, bleaches, anti-septics, sno-melt Sources – Salt, sea water

9. Noble Gases _____ valence electrons (except _____ which only has ____ ________, _____-reactive, “Full” outer energy levels Colorless Discovered ______ century A.k.a. “_________ gases” Uses – Balloons, signs, cancer treatment Sources – Earth’s atmosphere

10. Rare-Earth Elements ________ valence electrons Lanthanide & actinide series Most are _______ & _______ __________, malleable, high _________ _________ conductors Uses – Nuclear fuel, bombs, heat resistant alloys, magnets Sources – Actinides man-made (some exist for only milliseconds before they begin to break down)