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Earthquakes
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Figure 11.8
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Figure 11.9A
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Figure 11.9B
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Figure 11.9C
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Figure 11.9D
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Measuring earthquakes: Richter scale: each number is a 10-fold increase in wave amplitude (ground shaking) and a 32-fold increase in energy release. Focus: The point at depth where the energy is released Epicenter: The point at the surface above the focus
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Figure 11.10
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Figure 11.15
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Figure 11.13 Wordwide earthquake distribution
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Table 11.2
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Table 11.4
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Table 11.1
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Loma Prieta, 1989
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Hazards Liquefaction Wave amplification Tsunamis Landslides Fires Seiches Human induced earthquakes
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Figure 11.18
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Kobe 1995
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Figure 11.19
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Loma Prieta (1989) Amplification
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Tsunami
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Figure 11.20
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Sumatra 2004 Tsunami Hits Thailand Beach
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Figure 11.21
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Figure 11.22AB
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Figure 11.22C
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Figure 11.23
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Figure 11.1
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Figure 11.3
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Figure 11.4
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Earthquake prediction Seismic gap method Probability based on known frequency Spatial trends Foreshocks Animals?
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Figure 11.25
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Figure 11.26
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Figure 11.E
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Figure 11.F
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Figure 11.5
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