1. schizophrenia positive symptoms negative symptoms anx/dep aggressive symptoms cognitive symptoms 10-1 Stahl S M, Essential Psychopharmacology (2000)

2. Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

3. Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

4. 10-20 Stahl S M, Essential Psychopharmacology (2000) 100% 50% 0 15204060 Age in years Functional Status

5. hypothalamus d c Nucleus accumbens Tegmentum b Substantia nigra Basal Ganglia a DOPAMINE PATHWAYS 10-7 Stahl S M, Essential Psychopharmacology (2000)

6. mesolimbic overactivity = positive symptoms of psychosis 10-9 Stahl S M, Essential Psychopharmacology (2000)

7. Mesolimbic Dopaminergic Hyperactivity in Schizophrenia Laruelle et al., Ann NY Acad Sci (2003)

8. Relationship Between Affinity for Dopamine D 2 Receptors and Daily Dose for Treating Schizophrenia

9. primary dopamine deficiency D2 receptor blockade secondary dopamine deficiency mesocortical pathway increase in negative symptoms 10-11 Stahl S M, Essential Psychopharmacology (2000)

10. Hypofunction of Mesocortical Dopaminergic Transmission in Schizophrenia Laruelle et al., Ann NY Acad Sci (2003)

11. Dopamine Dyregulation in Schizophrenia

12. Glutamate-Dopamine Interactions in Schizophrenia Takahata and Moghaddam, J Neurochem (2000)

13. Kaplan and Hammer, Am Psychiatric Press Inc, 2002

14. Thesis- Dopamine Dysregulation in Schizophrenia Mechanism Schizophrenia Sxs 1. Hypoactivity of PFC Negative/Cognitive DA Systems Sxs 2. Hyperactivity of NAc Positive Sxs DA Systems 3. Neuroleptic induced Improves Positive Sxs DA blockade Worsens Negative Sxs