1. “Seeing is Knowing” The i mpact of technology on visualization techniques used in cartography Presenter: Jolanta Soltis Class: CIS 679 Professor: Merry Turoff

2. “The nature of maps and of their use in science and society is in the midst of remarkable change ­ change that is stimulated by a combination of new scientific and societal needs for geo-referenced information and rapidly evolving technologies that can provide that information in innovative ways. A key issue at the heart of this change is the concept of ‘visualization.’” MacEachren (2002)

3. OUTLINE 1.Introduction to visualization 2.Introduction to scientific visualization 3.The past 4.Technological advancement in visualization techniques 5.The role of visualization in cartography in today’s world 6.Examples 7.The evolution of GIS and Visualization 8.Challenges 9.The future

4. Introduction to visualization

5.  Visualization allows scientists to: understand the meaning of millions of pieces of information in a visual formunderstand the meaning of millions of pieces of information in a visual form interpret the meaning of this informationinterpret the meaning of this information  Through the use of multi-dimensional, animated depictions of data, it is possible to extrude previously unvisible information

6. What is Visualization?  Is visualization an activity carried out by human beings?  Is visualization an activity carried out by computer?  Visualize: “To form a mental image or vision of …”“To form a mental image or vision of …” “To imagine or remember as if actually seeing.”“To imagine or remember as if actually seeing.”

7. The purpose of data visualization  To convey information to people quicker  Visualization is a term with many meanings (MacEachern, 1995). "Visualization" may mean two things."Visualization" may mean two things.  Use graphical element to display results  Use 2 or 3dimensional graphics to diaplay data.  More possibilities InteractionInteraction zoomingzooming

8. Visual Variables   Position   Size   Value   Color   Texture   Orientation   Shape…

9. Static visual variables  Size (used to show changes in value  Value  Texture/Grain and Color – used as a accent or change in perspective  Orientation  Form

10. Dynamic visual variables  Moment  Duration (unit of time a frame is displayed)  Frequency (numbers of time forms are displayed)  Order (time sequence)  Rate of change  Synchronization (correspondence of series)

11. 2D or 3D? Cartographic animation Two-dimensional Three- dimensional Spatially dynamic -re-expression -emphasizing location -emphasizing attributes -zoom and pan Same as 2D plus:  Fly=by  Walk-through  Rotation Temporally dynamic Change in location Change in attribute Same as 2D Spatially and temporally dynamic 2D spatio-temporal change 3D spatio-temporal change

12. Person Feedback Computer Display Interaction Collaboration

13. Introduction to scientific visualization

14. What is scientific visualization? "Visualization, is the process of transforming raw data into a displayable image.” Visvalingam (1994 ) Visvalingam (1994 ) To visualize is “to form a mental image or vision of…” Spence (2001)

15. Scientific visualization serves two purposes:  Help scientists and engineers solve problems.  Explain and promote a particular science to a wide audience.

16. Visualization solutions  Mental model – visualization – global translation Invisible could be seenInvisible could be seen Error detectionError detection Interactivity and engaging different audiencesInteractivity and engaging different audiences ImmersionImmersion

17. Web map classification

18. The past …

19. A little history…   Development of motion - about 100 years   Mobile sculpture – 20 years   Video art – 20 years   Animated maps – begin in the 1930’s, but were not developed until 1959   Computer animated maps: 1990’s

20. Maps from the past The oldest known map: Konya town,6200 BC Anaximader’s Map of the World

21. The Ptolemy world map, written circa 150 BCE.

22. Napoleon's 1812 March to Moscow Multi-dimensional map shows size of the army, location, direction of movement, time and temperature.

23. Static but…dynamic

24. Dynamic maps…  In 1959 Thrower mention the of audio-visual communication possibilities.  Walter Tobler developed first animation by using 3-D computer generated map

25. Technological advancement in visualization techniques

26.  Impact of computer  Increased processing power  Internet  High quality graphics  VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language)  Animation

27. Examples

28. Visual geospatial data exploration

29. An interactive map as index of other information

30. Views from an electronic multimedia atlas Examples from Microsoft’s Encarta 2000

31. Overijssel in a VRML environment

32. The role of visualization in cartography in today’s world

33. The role of visualization in cartography  Communication  Exploration  Processing

34. Communication  Cartographic visualization relies on the use of maps to communicate cartographic ideas.

35. Exploration  Our dominate sense - sight allows us to explore data sets. Use of cognitive process of the mindUse of cognitive process of the mind

36. Processing

37. The evolution of GIS and Visualization

38. GISGISGISGIS  Geographic Information System (GIS) is a combination of operation and tools for exploring and geospatial analysis of data.  It is used to build maps in real time Multicast Backbone Internet traffic using 3D globe to represent data.

39. Geovisualiztion   Representation of geospatial information   Integration of computational and visual methods   Effective interface designs for geovisualization tools   Usability of geovisualization

40. Levels of GIS and Visualization  Rudimentary: minimal data sharing  Operational: consistency  Functional: transparent communication  Merged: one environment

41. Automatic Derivation of Electronic Maps from X3D/VRML Worlds Use of web-base tools like: VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language)VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) High-end systems:High-end systems:  Mmersive workbenches, CAVEs, Power Walls  3D “worlds” Advantages: creating virtual “supper environments”Advantages: creating virtual “supper environments”

42. Factors that contribute to the virtuality of the “supper environments”  Immersion (sensation of being in)  Interactivity (virtual experience)  Information intensity (details)  Intelligence (realism)

43. Challenges  How to show a mass of data  How to show multiple information  Exploration of data  Cumbersome productions of animation  Data registration  Development of virtual environment that could lead to immersion on a geographic scale  Balancing abstraction and realism  Intelligence of objects  Collaboration

44. The future  Internet  VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and GeoVRM:  Animation  Personalized maps Example of GeoVRML visualization Geovisualization is use to solve traffic problems

45. References  Spencer, R. Information Visualization., (2001), New York, NY: ACM Press Books  Visvalingam M, (1995), “Visualization in GIS, cartography and ViSC”, Visualization in Geographical Information Systems, Chapt 3, p18