1. Delia Hasch TMDs & friends from lepton scattering -experimental overview- INT workshop on “3D parton structure of the nucleon encoded in GPDs & TMDs”, Seattle, Sept. 14-18 2009 outline: introduction: some reminders… status Sivers DF Collins DF azimuthal dependence of unpolarised xsection the ‘soon to come’ menu

2. experimental prerequisites 190 GeV  ≈6 GeV e  27 GeV e  till 2007 HALL A longitudinally polarised d long.+transv. polarised p ~full hadron ID CLAS: long. polarised effective p HallA: long.+transv. polarised effective n main players in the game: long.+transv. polarised effective d long.+transv. polarised effective p ~full hadron ID 1/7/07@ 1:09:56 am

3. deep-inelastic scattering Q2Q2 factorisation: 1 GeV 2

4. hadron production @ RHIC  0 and jet production xsection vs pT compared to theory

5. hadron production no SIDIS xsection measurements @HERMES and CLAS  pion multiplicities [deFlorian,Sassot,Stratmann arXiv:0708.0769] compared to theory: DSS: fragmentation functions from combined NLO analysis of single- inclusive hadron production in e+e-, pp and SIDIS  

6. hadron production no SIDIS xsection measurements @HERMES and CLAS  pion multiplicities CLAS  0 compared to HERMES and to DSS:

7. SIDIS cross section XYXY beam: target:   S L,S T

8. SIDIS cross section

9. leading-tw distribution functions chiral-odd pdf & FF ‘Amsterdam notation’

10. leading-tw distribution functions on the menu today

11. @leading twist, integrated over pT: leading-tw distribution functions ‘transversity’

12. leading-tw distribution functions @leading twist, no pT integration: ‘transversity’ ‘Kotzinian- Mulders’ ‘pretzelosity’ ‘Boer- Mulders’ ‘Sivers’

13. asymmetries and amplitudes + …

14. asymmetries and amplitudes  taking also into account of the unpolarised cross section Collins moment Sivers moment

15. spin-orbit correlations Sivers function: [Matthias Burkardt] a non-zero Sivers fct. requires non-zero orbital angular momentum !

16. Sivers amplitudes ep  h  X [PRL94(2005)] first observation of T-odd Sivers effect in SIDIS u quark dominance suggests sizable u quark orbital motion

17. Sivers amplitudes ep  h  X first observation of T-odd Sivers effect in SIDIS u quark dominance suggests sizable u quark orbital motion [arXiv:0906.3918]

18. Sivers amplitudes for  [arXiv:0906.3918 ] clear rise with z rise at low P h plateau at high P h T T   dominated by u-quarks  u-quark Sivers DF < 0

19. Sivers amplitudes for  [arXiv:0906.3918 ] clear rise with z rise at low P h T plateau at high P h T   dominated by u-quarks  u-quark Sivers DF < 0 cancellation for   : u and d quark Sivers DF of opposite sign

20. Sivers amplitudes for  [arXiv:0906.3918 ] clear rise with z rise at low P h plateau at high P h T T   dominated by u-quarks  u-quark Sivers DF < 0 cancellation for   : u and d quark Sivers DF of opposite sign all asymmetries on deuterium target ≈ zero! [PLB673(2009)]

21. Sivers amplitudes for  [arXiv:0906.3918 ] proton data ?

22. Sivers amplitudes for  [arXiv:0906.3918 ] T T ? ?? proton data

23. Sivers distribution for valence quarks transverse SSA of pion cross section difference: Sivers distribution for u- valence is large & <0 or Sivers distr. for d- valence >> u-valence (unlikely)

24. Sivers: kaon amplitudes ep  K  X clear rise with z rise at low P h T plateau at high P h T slightly positive

25. Sivers: the “kaon challenge”   / K  production dominated by scattering off u-quarks

26. &  non-trival role of sea quarks convolution integral in numerator depends on kT dependence of FF differences in dependences on kinematics integrated over Sivers: the “kaon challenge”   / K  production dominated by scattering off u-quarks

27. role of sea quarks  differences biggest in region where strange sea is most different from light sea [PLB666(2008), 446] strange sea pdf

28. extracting the Sivers function extracting the Sivers function use parametrisations of unpolarised fragmentation functions see talk by A. Prokudin

29. [Anselmino et al., EPJA(2009),89] combined analysis: extracting the Sivers function extracting the Sivers function anti-quark L≠0 favoured

30. [Anselmino et al., EPJA(2009),89] combined analysis: extracting the Sivers function extracting the Sivers function Lattice [Haegeler et al.] L u >0 L d <0

31. transverse nucleon structure transversity via Collins fragmentation fct. h h qq

32. Collins amplitudes     positive   ≈zero   negative ep    X distinctive pattern:  isospin relation for  triplet fulfilled

33. Collins amplitudes     positive   ≈zero   negative ep    X distinctive pattern:  approximation: u-quark dominance  Collins FF has favoured ( u   ) and unfavoured ( u  - ) transitions of similar size and opposite sign

34. Collins amplitudes     positive   ≈zero   negative ep    X distinctive pattern:  approximation: u-quark dominance  Collins FF has favoured ( u   ) and unfavoured ( u  - ) transitions of similar size and opposite sign all asymmetries on deuterium target ≈ zero! proton data [note sign change due to different angle definition ]

35. Collins amplitudes     positive   ≈zero   negative ep    X distinctive pattern:  approximation: u-quark dominance  Collins FF has favoured ( u   ) and unfavoured ( u  - ) transitions of similar size and opposite sign all asymmetries on deuterium target ≈ zero! [PLB673(2009)]

36. Collins amplitudes   ep  h  X  K + amplitudes consistent with   amplitudes as expected from u- quark dominance K  of opposite sign from   (K  is all-sea object)

37. extraction of transversity e-e- e+e+ from Collins asymmetries from Collins asymmetries see talk by A. Prokudin

38. Collins amplitudes -- extras: 2D binning -- kinematic dependencies often don’t factorise  bin in as many independent variables as possible: z @`fixed’ x P h @`fixed’ z z @`fixed’ P h x @`fixed’ z T T

39. Collins amplitudes -- extras: 2D binning -- kinematic dependencies often don’t factorise  bin in as many independent variables as possible:

40. alternative probe for transversity: 2-hadrons

41. 2-hadron production: interference fragmentation function between pions in s-wave and p-wave only relative momentum of hadron pair relevant  integration over transverse momentum of hadron pair simplifies factorisation (collinear!) and Q 2 evolution however cross section becomes very complicated (depends on 9! variables)  sensitive to detector acceptance effects

42. extraction of     amplitudes pythia:  integration …facilitate interpretation projects out sp and pp only for full theta acceptance:

43. extraction of     amplitudes  integration …facilitate interpretation projects out sp and pp only for full theta acceptance:

44. extraction of     amplitudes  integration …facilitate interpretation projects out sp and pp only for full theta acceptance:  acceptance is momentum dependent: full acceptance

45. extraction of     amplitudes symmeterization around  fit  bin data in  in addition: &

46.     amplitudes [JHEP 0806.017]

47. h + h - amplitudes [JHEP 0806.017] [note sign change due to different angle definition]

48. h + h - amplitudes [JHEP 0806.017] [note sign change due to different angle definition]

49. models for 2-hadron asymmetries M  (GeV) [Bacchetta, Radici PRD74(2006)]

50. models for 2-hadron asymmetries M  (GeV) [Bacchetta, Radici PRD74(2006)] [note sign change due to different angle definition]

51. azimuthal dependence of the unpolarised cross section spin-orbit effect (Boer-Mulders DF): correlation between quark transverse motion and transverse spin

52. unpolarised cross section access to intrinsic quark transverse momentum

53. analysis challenge Monte Carlo: generated in 4  measured inside acceptance  acceptance and radiative effects generate cos(n  ) moments

54. analysis challenge Monte Carlo: generated in 4  measured inside acceptance  acceptance and radiative effects generate cos(n  ) moments  5D unfolding of detector and radiative effects:

55. analysis challenge

58.  cos  intrinsic quark transverse momentum very similar result for deuterium

59.  cos  intrinsic quark transverse momentum very similar result for deuterium

60. & for p and d targets & for p and d targets

61.  cos2  spin-orbit correlations very similar result for deuterium

62. models for Boer-Mulders DF diquark spectator model same sign for u & d quark BM-DF

63. models for Boer-Mulders DF diquark spectator model compares well to HERMES data w/o inclusion of tw-4 Cahn effect

64. models for Boer-Mulders DF scaled Sivers fct. inclusion of tw-4 Cahn effect [V. Barone, A. Prokudin, Bo-Quiang Ma, PRD78 (2008)]

65. models for Boer-Mulders DF

66. work in progress for tw-4 Cahn effect [V. Barone, S. Mellis, A. Prokudin]

67. models for Boer-Mulders DF

68. transversely polarised quarks in longitudinally polarised nucleons Kotzinian-Mulders fct.

69. transversely polarised quarks in longitudinal polarised nucleons

70. next @Jlab

71. next @HERMES  pT weighted Sivers & Collins moments resolve convolution integral !  extraction of all 8 leading tw modulations ++

72. next @HERMES  pT weighted Sivers & Collins moments resolve convolution integral !  extraction of all 8 leading tw modulations ++ next @COMPASS  request to CERN: 2010 full year run (140 days) with transversely polarised protons [… investigation of upgrade for higher muon beam intensity and spectrometer upgrades]

73. theo ry [by Naomi Makins] looking forward to new projects: Jlab12, EIC, PAX@FAIR see talks by H. Avakian & R. Ent on friday

74. BACKUP SLIDES [courtesy of A. Bacchetta]

75. Sivers: Q 2 dependence factor 2 factor 3

76. Experimental status: EMC E665 ZEUS c) Negative results in all the existing measurements No distinction between hadron type or charge

77. Experimental status: EMC ZEUS collaboration ZEUS Drell-Yan Positive results in all the existing measurements No distinction between hadron type or charge (in SIDIS experiments) Indication of small Boer-Mulders function for the sea quark (from Drell-Yan experiments)