1. Solanaceae: Solanales Habit: Herbs, shrubs, trees, vines Hairs: Often stellate, prickles or spines Leaves: Simple, alternate, exstipulate (sometimes deeply lobed), may be adenate to stem Inflorescence: Determinate, cymose or solitary Flowers (overall): Showy, bisexual Floral Symmetry: Radial Calyx: 5 connate sepals, often persistant Corolla: 5 connate petals, rotate to tubular, plicate (folded), lobe end turned inward or reflexed

2. Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate, connivient anthers (touching) Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, tilted, superior ovary, terminal (gynobasic) style Placentation: axile Fruit: Berry or capsule Pollination regime: Bees, wasps & flies (pollen sp. only). Moths, butterflies (nectar sp.) Interesting Species: Tomato, eggplant, tobacco, jimsonweed, petunia Gestalt: "5-5-5-2" Hairs, plicate corolla, berry, rotate flower, connivient anthers Solanaceae: Solanales

7. Potato, connivent anthers, plicate corolla

8. Buffalo-bur

9. Poisonous berries

10. Atropa belladonna, alkaloids used to treat heart problems

11. Physalis virginiana, ground cherry

13. Physalis alkekengi, Ornamental calyx

14. Nicotina sp.

15. Brugmansia sp. tree plicate corolla

18. Nightshade

19. Alt leaves, Plicate corolla,

20. Boraginaceae:Solanales Habit: Herbs, shrubs, trees, woody vines(lianas) Hairs: Rough bristly hairs Leaves: Alternate, simple, exstipulate Inflorescence: Helicoid (Scorpoid) cyme, determinate Flowers (overall): Bisexual, funellform or tubular Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic Calyx: 5 connate sepals Corolla: 5 connate petals

21. Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate the lobes Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, deeply 4-lobed, gynobasic style (or terminal), superior ovary, nectar disc around ovary base Placentation: axile Fruit: 4-parted nutlet Pollination regime: bees wasps, butterflies, flies, (also moths, beetles, bats and birds) Interesting Species:Heliotrope, borage, hounds tongue, forget- me-not, bluebells, amsinkia, popcorn flower Gestalt: round stems, 4-part nutlet, gynobasic style, bristly, helicoid cyme, often toxic ( alkaloids, nitrates), "5-5-5-2" Boraginaceae:Solanales

22. Bristles, Helicoid cyme 5 pattern Alt. stamens

25. 4-part ovary, Gynobasic style bristles

28. Forget me nots

29. Popcorn flower

30. Boraginaceae("Hydrophyllaceae") :Solanales Habit: Herbs and shrubs Hairs: hairy or spiny Leaves: Alternate (basal), simple but sometimes compound Inflorescence: Helicoid (Scorpoid) cyme, determinate Flowers (overall): Bisexual, rotate Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic Calyx: 5 connate sepals Corolla: 5 connate petals, often with appendages within

31. Boraginaceae("Hydrophyllaceae") :Solanales Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate lobes Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, ovary superior, styles often 2- lobed, not gynobasic numerous ovules on 2 parietal placentas Placentation: parietal Fruit: capsule Interesting Species: Baby blue eyes, phacelia Gestalt: helicoid cyme, round stem, split style, hairy, entire ovary, many ovules on parietal placenta (look for this in lab), "5-5-5-2"

35. Split style

38. Atypical

40. Apocynaceae:Gentianales Habit: Trees, shrubs, vines, herbs with milky sap Leaves: Simple, entire, opposite or whorled, exstipulate Inflorescence: Racemose, cymose or solitary, often determinate Flowers (overall): Bisexual Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic Calyx: 5 connate sepals, glandular inside Corolla: 5 connate petals, spiral or contorted in bud Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens

41. Apocynaceae:Gentianales Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels (apically united), ovary superior or half- inferior Placentation: Marginal Fruit: follicle, capsule, drupe or berry, seed with tuft of hair Pollination regime: great diversity, specialized mechanisms, 3-zone style (deposition, sticky middle, reception) [get nectar from base of stylar head and deposit pollen, get sticky, pick up pollen on the way out] Other comments: Contain poisons, poison arrows Interesting Species: Vinca, Oleander, Dogbane Gestalt: Milky sap, opposite leaves, contorted bud, "5-5-5-2", glandular calyx. 3-part style

52. Apocynaceae("Asclepiadaceae") :Gentianales Corolla: reflexed petals Androecium: 5 stamens = 5 x 2 united pollinia, corona(nectar accumulates here), adenate to gynoecium Gynoecium: elaborate 3-part structure Fruit: pair of follicles Pollination regime: get nectar from corolla, foot get lodged on pollinia, fly away, dislodged on next flower.

53. Asclepias sullivantii Umbels Sap Opposite leaves

54. Asclepias sp Sepals, Petals, corona

60. Stapelia, smells like rotting flesh

61. Plantaginaceae ("Old Plantaginaceae"):Lamiales Habit:Herbs Leaves: Basal rosette, prominant parallel veins Inflorescence: Scapose, stout or wirey scapes, spike Flowers (overall): bisexual Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic Calyx: 4 connate sepals, herbaceous Corolla: 4 connate petals, scarious

62. Plantaginaceae ("Old Plantaginaceae"):Lamiales Androecium: 4 epipetalous stamens Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, superior Placentation: axile, basal Gestalt: Basal rosette, wirey scape, 4-merous flowers, spike

70. Habit: Herbs, rarely trees Leaves: Simple exstipulate Inflorescence: variable Flowers (overall): Bisexual Floral Symmetry: Zygomorphic Calyx: 5 connate sepals Corolla: 5 connate petals, 2 lipped, 2 upper + 3 lower Plantaginaceae ("Old Scrophulariaceae"):Lamiales

71. Androecium: 2 or 4 stamens, didynamous (2long, 2 short) + staminode Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, ovary superior, style terminal Placentation: axile Fruit: capsule (berry) Pollination regime: bees flies birds (nectar) nectar guides often present Notes: hemiparisites moved to Orobanchaceae (Aureolaria, Castilleja, Pedicularis, Agalinis, Buchnera). Verbascum and Scrophularia retained in Scrophulariaaceae Gestalt: 2-lipped, staminode, didynamous Plantaginaceae ("Old Scrophulariaceae"):Lamiales

72. Penstemon pallidus 2 lipped landing platform

73. Penstemon didynamous

76. snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus

77. Calceolaria sp

81. Blue-eyed Mary, Collinsia verna Strongly 2-lipped

83. Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Heart medicine

84. Butter-and-eggs, Linaria vulgaris, long nectar spur

86. Pedicularis Canadensis capsules open on upper side hemiparisite