1. SWINE FLU

2. SWINE FLU
The swine flu is a strain of virus that shares genes with flu viruses that affect pigs.
Swine influenza (also called pig influenza, swine flu, hog flu and pig flu)
The new virus is made from pieces of flu viruses that infect pigs from North America, pigs from Eurasia, and pieces from human and bird flu viruses that were all mixed together
Scientific name is Influenza A / H1N1
Eurasian
North
American +

3. H1N1 INFLUENZA A scientific name for swine flu,
H means hemagglutinin – 16 versions, needed for virus to enter cell
N means neuraminidase – 9 versions, needed for virus to leave cell
"1"s refer to their antibody type.
Influenza A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses, and refers to the fact that the virus is first identified in an animal, usually a pig or a bird.

4. ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC IMAGE
The viruses are 80–120 nanometres in diameter.

5. HISTORY
Swine influenza was first proposed to be a disease related to human influenza during the 1918 flu pandemic, when pigs became sick at the same time as humans.
H1N1
In 1997–1998, H3N2
The H1N1 viral strain implicated in the 2009 flu pandemic among humans often is called "swine flu"

7. TRANSMISSION Transmission Between Pigs :
Close contacts during animal transport.
Intensive farming may also increase the risk of transmission,
The direct transfer of the virus occurs by
pigs touching noses,
or through dried mucus.
Airborne transmission through the aerosols produced by pigs coughing or sneezing are also an important means of infection.

8. TRANSMISSION Transmission to Humans :
People who work with poultry and swine have an increased risk of zoonotic infections.
From swine to humans who work with swine
Meat processing workers (The meat of an infected animal poses no risk of infection when properly cooked.)

9. ZOONOTIC SWINE FLU
Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide.
Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans
is not common
does not always lead to human influenza
Only antibodies production in the blood.
If transmission does cause human influenza, it is called zoonotic swine flu

10. TRANSMISSION Transmission Between Humans:
Influenza spreads between humans when infected people cough or sneeze, then other people breathe in the virus or touch something with the virus on it and then touch their own face.

11. Antigenic Shift

12. Emergency Warning Signs
IN ADULTS:
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
Sudden dizziness
Confusion
Severe or persistent Vomiting
Low temperature

13. IN CHILDREN:
Fast breathing or working hard to breathe
Bluish skin color
Not drinking enough fluids
Not waking up or not interacting
Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held
Flu-like symptoms that improve but then return with fever and worse cough
Fever with a rash
Being unable to eat
Having no tears when crying

14. Symptoms of swine flu in swine
Intestinal diarrhea
Coughing sore throat
Psychological lethargy lack of appetite
Nasopharynx sneezing mucous nose/eye
Systematic fever weight loss poor growth

15. In Humans

16. Common Cause Of Death Respiratory failure.
Pneumonia (leading to sepsis)
High fever (leading to neurological problems),
Dehydration (from excessive vomiting and diarrhea)
Electrolyte Imbalance.
Fatalities are more likely in young children and the elderly.

17. PREVENTION PREVENTION IN SWINE:
Methods of preventing the spread of influenza among swine include
facility management,
herd management, and
vaccination.
Because much of the illness and death associated with swine flu involves secondary infection by other pathogens, control strategies that rely on vaccination may be insufficient.

18. PREVENTION PREVENTION IN HUMANS:
farmers and veterinarians are encouraged to use a face mask
wearing gloves when working with sick animals

19. PREVENTION PREVENTION AMONG HUMANS:
Covering your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
Washing your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. You can also use alcohol-based hand cleaners.
Avoiding touching your eyes, nose or mouth.
Trying to avoid close contact with sick people.
Staying home from work or school if you are sick.

20. TREATMENT
IN SWINE:
Antibiotics are used to treat this disease, which although they have no effect against the influenza virus, do help prevent bacterial pneumonia and other secondary infections in influenza-weakened herds
Vaccination.

21. TREATMENT IN HUMANS: Antiviral drugs can make the illness milder
There are two classes of such medicines,
adamantanes (amantadine and remantadine),
Inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase (oseltamivir and zanamivir).
The viruses obtained from the recent human cases with swine influenza in the United States were sensitive to oselatmivir and zanamivir but resistant to amantadine and remantadine.

22. SUMMARY

23. ANY ?

24. ANUM ZAHRA Bs (Hons) 8th semester
HAVE A NICE DAY
Presented by:
ANUM ZAHRA
Bs (Hons) 8th semester