1. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS THIS INFORMATION CARRIER CONTAINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION WHICH SHALL NOT BE USED, REPRODUCED OR DISCLOSED TO THIRD PARTIES WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION BY THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS, AS APPLICABLE. Unclassifed UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 JTA-3: EM-ambient site survey of industrial environments Frank Leferink, Veronique Beauvois, Johan Catrysse

2. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 2 Background The knowledge of the ambient noise is of interest in Planning and setting up wireless datacommunications (in industrial applications) and to estimate the risk and impact of electromagnetic interference. No (as far as known) data available on the EM ambient in industrial environments Actions 2004/2005: Collect and compare standards Collect data from external sources Collect data via measurements

3. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 3 Standards ITU-R P.372-8: Radio Noise CCIR, “World distribution and characteristics of atmospheric radio noise,” Report 322, International Radio Consultive Committee, International Telecommunications Union, 1964 ITU-P.534 Method for calculating sporadic-E field strength CCIR, “Man-made radio noise,” Report 258-5, International Radio Consultive Committee, International Telecommunications Union, 1990 ERC Report 69: Propagation Model CIGRE 36.04: Guide on EMC in Power Plants and Substations ITU 61 WG documents IEC 61000-2 environments CENELEC CLC/TS 50217 (2004-04): Guide for in situ measurements – In situ measurement of Disturbance emission

4. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 4 Activities outside Europe Australia: DSTO-TR-0855, A Comparison of DSTO and DERA HF Background Noise Measuring System with the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) Model Data (2000) US: NRaD TD 2813: CCIR Report 322 Noise Variation Parameters (1995) US: NTIA Report 95-321: Broadband Spectrum Survey at Denver, Colorado, Sanders-Lawrence, (1995) US: NTIA Report 96-330: The natural and man-made noise environment in personal communications services bands, Spaulding (1996) US: NTIA Report 02-390, Man-Made noise measurements (2001) Japan, Radio Noise Measurements and Related Standards, Sugiura (2003)

5. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 5 Activities in Europe Belgium: Study and simulation of the ambient noise of an industrial environment for wireless communication applications, Catrysse-Rayee, Degrendele (2005) Netherlands: Radio Noise Measurements-European harmonisation of measurement methods (2005) Spain: Novel Procedure to Determine Statistical Functions of Impulsive Noise, Torio-Sanchez (2005) Sweden: Measurements of Man-Made Noise at VHF, Rantakko-Lofsved-Alexandersson (2005) UK: RA(OfCom) AY 3952: Feasibility Study into the Measurement of Man-Made Noise (2001) UK: RA(OfCom) AY4119: Man-Made Noise Measurement Programme (2003) UK: Man-Made Noise Measurement Programme, Wagstaff-Merricks, IEE Proc.Comm(2005) Etc. etc. etc.

6. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 6 Conclusion on available data There is a limited amount of information regarding man-made noise data. It was either recorded before digital systems were deployed It was recorded at limited bandwidths and at frequencies below 900MHz. The currently available models (ITU or other) have value but are likely not to be sufficient for digital modulation methods. There is a need to produce models, representative of current environmental conditions, and with appropriate bandwidths (and therefore time- resolutions) commensurate with current technology.

7. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 7 What is MMN Man Made Noise (MMN): White Gaussian Noise (WGN) and Impulsive Noise (IN), most of it is Class B noise, typically made up of very short impulses that are very wideband and are frequently man-made in origin. The class includes impulses from automotive ignition circuits, thermostats, lighting, etc. Measurements cumbersome: fixed frequency and sampling the IF Dedicated to establishing the noise floor for services But results have not been used to establish the EMI limits…..

8. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 8 Measurements To establish noise floor for services: fixed frequency, and measure IF (APD) EMI: scan of whole spectrum needed Frequency spectrum: 30 Hz - 10 kHz 9 kHz - 150 kHz 150 kHz - 30 MHz 30 MHz - 1 GHz 1 GHz - 12 GHz receiver ADC computer Needed for establishing the influence of noise on specific services

9. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 9 Measurements Students Clean power: Static converter in a faraday box Measurements performed by COST 286 members: Catrysse: Beauvois: Leferink: Batterman You????

10. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 10 Noise levels in ITU P.372

11. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 11 Noise levels in CCIR 322

12. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 12 CCIR rep. 1963, levels converted to field strength

13. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 13 Measurement data UK Ofcom Including statistics Netherlands: 1997, 1999, 2005 Belgium Both only 'worst case': related to upper decile

14. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 14 RA(OfCom) report AY 4119

15. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 15 Conclusion UK study The mean values of Fa observed during this study appear significantly higher than the median values given in [P.372]. The best explanation available for this is that the number of electronic and electrical devices has grown dramatically in the UK over the past few decades. Whilst EMC legislation has suppressed the IN emissions from automotive sources, there is a general background of WGN that is possibly caused by the incoherent summation of the radiation from hundreds of pieces of equipment. If so, then this is an important finding that should be verified by further tests.

16. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 16 Experiments in The Netherlands: dec 1999

17. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 17 Experiments in The Netherlands: dec 1999 From a Thales report 1999: 'The noise levels and resulting radiated emission levels presented in Figure 2 are based on the studies performed around 1960. Comparing these levels with our measurement results obtained in nowadays urban and suburban environments in 1997 and 1999 we can observe an increase of approximately 20dB'

18. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 18 Experiments on Atlantic (also industrial…): 2005

19. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 19

20. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 20 Experiments on Atlantic (also industrial…): 2005

21. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 21 Experiments in The Netherlands: july 2005

22. © THALES NEDERLAND B.V. AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS Subject to restrictive legend on title page Unclassified UNIVERSITY of TWENTE MCM meeting COST 286, Split, dec. 2005 September 2004 22 Actions: overview and status