1. Requirements and Science of Design Some reflections Alistair Sutcliffe University of Manchester UK Dagstuhl workshop October 2008

2. Some themes Contexts Social Physical Temporal Spatial Evolving requirements Blurring the Boundary Requirements & Design Architectures Simulations & Solutions Managing the process Improving the Product

3. Requirements in the wider world

4. Layers of Complexity Collaborative tasks Individual tasks Human- Technology Interaction Basic ergo nomics Environment permutations weather location natural events operational procedures emergency procedures threats Operational personnel different roles training level fatigue, stress necessary and sufficient scenarios ? mistakes ? errors ? Social and Physical environment Culture Language Social norms Designed artefact

5. Contexts- Genres of Applications Engineering – control applications - large scale systems engineering- aircraft, chemical plants… Administrative systems - large scale social systems (engineering ??) User driven systems - unpredictable and emergent needs, individual and social scale - tools rather than applications Product-style systems- transactional - ERPs, market driven requirements and satisfycing Software products discretionary - life style, social-ware, entertainment, education, user experience

6. Final thoughts- ubiquitous requirements ? Artefacts are mobile The Design ? The immediate environment The artefact evolves, appropriates part of the environment (automation) The wider environment Intelligent Artefacts- need models of the world Who and what is designed ? software people’s jobs organisations Artefacts act on and change the world