1. Cell Reference

2. Demo

3. Copy Formula Drag the source cell Copy/Paste

4. Relative Cell Reference ColumnRow: = A1 + A2 After copy, the formula will reference cells with the same relative position as the original formula. Examples:

5. Absolute Cell Reference $Column$Row: = A2 * $A$1 After copy, the formula still references the same cell as the original formula. Examples: –AnnualGrowthRate: 5% Sales: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013

7. Mixed Cell Reference $ColumnRow: $A1 Column$Row: A$1 Examples: =$A1 =A$1

8. Cases Where Mixed Cell Reference are Optional

9. Case that Must Use Mixed Cell Reference