1. Reading 2 Wells: sets and systems

2. Vowel system of RP; Wells 119 Vowel system of GenAm; Wells 120

3. RP Wells 120 GenAm Wells 121-2

5. p.125

6. p.127

7. p.131-2

9. Importance of lexical sets for vowels In Phonetics (Hljóð og Orð) in the first year we equated the KEYWORD of the lexical set with the vowel. cranberry pie TRAP DRESS PRICE commA (“Schwa”)

10. Importance of lexical sets for vowels These keywords for lexical sets were first developed by Wells in his Accents of English (1982) They are conceived in a slightly different way from our use of them in 1st year Phonetics They now refer not to fixed vowels, but to sets of words which may have different vowels in different accents.

11. Importance of lexical sets for vowels Father started walking along the path PALMSTARTTHOUGHTLOTBATH

12. A lexical set is a set of words which regularly has the same vowel-sound in a single accent. ( TRAP in S. England) If the same set exists in another accent, it may have a different vowel. ( TRAP in N. England, TRAP in N. America) Sets may differ between accents. “Parent” is a SQUARE word in Britain, but a TRAP word in N.America

13. Importance of lexical sets for vowels There may be different ways of looking at (or analysing) the same data: We could say that, in the N. of England, the STRUT words all had the same vowel as the FOOT words – or that there is no set of STRUT words in the N. of England – they all belong to the FOOT set.