1. IC2D: A Drawing Program for the Visually Impaired Hesham M. Kamel & James A. Landay HCC Retreat, July 1999 Group for User Interface Research EECS Department University of California, Berkeley

2. 2 Example: Side View of a Car

3. 3 Presentation Overview Problems with UIs for drawing Design of IC2D Grid Recursion Examples Future work Conclusions

4. 4 Major Problems with Drawing UIs Graphical user interfaces –total reliance on visual feedback –imagine drawing with the monitor off where is the cursor? what’s on the screen? how do I get back to where I was? Haptic user interfaces –hard to carry –expensive

5. 5 The IC2D Design Uses the telephone keypad model –nine fixed screen regions or cells –each cell is a unique point of reference that can be selected equivalent to pointing & clicking mouse Two ways to navigate –directional keys, or the numbers 1-9 Gives feedback via voice synthesis –blind users accustomed to screen readers 123 456 789

6. 6 Grid Recursion Allows more precise point selections –resolution of 27 x 27 cells objects drawn at full screen resolution Permits drawing objects at different scale –example, the right arrow

7. Example: Drawing a Circuit

8. 8 Conclusions Audio feedback can work for drawing Grid-based model allows –point selections –find previously selected points later –drawing operations Pilot participants drew recognizable figures IC2D offers a protocol for graphical interaction

9. 9 For More Information http://guir.berkeley.edu/projects/ic2d/ http://guir.berkeley.edu