1. Thermohaline Circulation (THC) By Ross Alter

2. What is it? “…that part of the ocean circulation which is driven by fluxes of heat and freshwater across the sea surface and subsequent interior mixing of heat and salt” (Rahmstorf, 2006) One driving mechanism of large-scale “deep” ocean circulation One driving mechanism of large-scale “deep” ocean circulation Temperature + salinity density Temperature + salinity density “Thermo-” + “-haline” “Thermo-” + “-haline” Requires turbulent mixing to complete the circulation Requires turbulent mixing to complete the circulation Physical concept, not observational Physical concept, not observational

3. Source: Rahmstorf (2006)

4. Figure 2: Idealized meridional section representing a zonally averaged picture of the Atlantic Ocean. Straight arrows sketch the MOC. The color shading depicts a zonally averaged density profile derived from observational data [Levitus, 1982]. Source: Kuhlbrodt et al. (2007)

5. Why is it important? Maintains ocean stratification Maintains ocean stratification Comparable transport to that of the surface Comparable transport to that of the surface Global volume transport ~ 30 Sv Global volume transport ~ 30 Sv Climate modulator Climate modulator Cold water absorbs CO 2 more efficiently Cold water absorbs CO 2 more efficiently THC modulates heat transport THC modulates heat transport ~ 1 PW (10 15 W) in N. Atlantic ~ 1 PW (10 15 W) in N. Atlantic

6. Speculation about the future… Global warming – warming and freshening Global warming – warming and freshening Will the THC break down? Will the THC break down? Low probability, high impact Low probability, high impact Most likely scenario – weakening of THC Most likely scenario – weakening of THC Would take decades to centuries to change Would take decades to centuries to change No “Day After Tomorrow” scenario…  No “Day After Tomorrow” scenario… 

7. References Stewart, R. H., 2002. Introduction to Physical Oceanography. Stewart, R. H., 2002. Introduction to Physical Oceanography. Kuhlbrodt, T., et al., 2007. On the driving processes of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG2001, doi:10.1029/2004RG000166 Kuhlbrodt, T., et al., 2007. On the driving processes of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG2001, doi:10.1029/2004RG000166 Rahmstorf, S. Thermohaline Ocean Circulation. In: Encyclopedia of Quaternary Sciences, Edited by S. A. Elias. Elsevier, Amsterdam 2006.