1. NATURE OF POWER Power is relational Transactions with others Power is not “either- or” Forms of power Dominance Prevention Empowerment

2. POWER INDICATORS General “people defining people” Decision making Principle of least interest Verbal Nonverbal

3. POWER RESOURCES Information facts that are not readily available Scarcity Can be positive (teachers,ministers) Experts must have the “skills” to be an expert trustworthy

4. POWER RESOURCES (cont.) Legitimate authority Have the right to direct others behaviors Reward/punishment Personal qualities charisma

5. POWER IMBALANCE (Violence) Physical Unequal balance of power Verbal/Nonverbal Mutual “spiral” Sexual harassment “quid-pro-quo” “hostile environment harassment”

6. POWER INBALANCE (cont.) Everyday imbalance Symbols Apologies Compliments Criticism Can lead to more violent confrontations

7. COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE- DOMINANCE/PREVENTION POWER BALANCING Form coalition Defiance Resistance Strategies (242-243)

8. COMMUNICATON COMPETENCE- EMPOWERMENT AND POWER BALANCING Develop assertive behavior (Bower/Bower) Describe Express Specify Consequences Increasing resources Cooperative argumentation (problem not personality) Mentoring and networking Effective leadership position