1. Active Filter It is phasor time again

2. Active Low Pass Filter Amplification: R F /R S low pass factor 1/(1+j  R F C F ) Cut off frequency:  R F C F =1 R F /R S =10, 1/R F C F =1

3. Figure 8.24, Active high-pass filter R F /R S =10, 1/R F C F =1

4. Figure 8.26, 8.27 8-11 Active bandpass filter Figure 8.26 Normalized amplitude response of active bandpass filter Figure 8.27

5. Op Amp Integrator Examples: 8.6, 8.7 Drafting problem

6. Op Amp differentiator Triangle wave to square wave

7. Physical Limitations of Op Amp Voltage limit: V S - < v out <V S +

8. Frequency Response Limits The product of gain and band width in any given op-amp is constant, i.e. A  = K Increasing the gain-bandwidth product by means of amplifiers in cascade. Offset voltage limit Slew rate limit