1. Mexican Political System System on paper –Direct presidential elections –Legislative elections Chamber of Deputies (500 seats) –300 by “first-past-the- post” in single member electoral districts –200 by proportional representation Senate (128 seats) –4 deputies elected from each of 31 states and capital

2. Mexican Political System System on paper –Direct presidential elections –Legislative elections Actual functioning through 2000 –Electoral fraud and corruption undermined democratic functions

3. Mexican Political System Political parties –PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party) 1929 Corporatist relationship with workers, peasants –PAN (National Action Party) 1939 Right of center Socially conservative Business interests –PRD (Democratic Revolutionary Party) Left of center Cardenas splits from PRI 1988

5. Chamber of Deputies (seats) 19941997200020032006 PRI300239209222122 PAN119122205151206 PRD711255096159 Other 13 Senate (seats: note half elected each time) 19941997200020032006 PRI647760 39 PAN263346 52 PRD81615 36 Other 1

6. Mexican Political System Building democracy –Increasingly democratic reforms pushed by President Zedillo (1994-2000) Federal Electoral Institute Benefit programs NOT tied to vote for PRI

7. Mexico, Voting In New Leader, Begins Political Sea Change, July 4, 2000 "All the parties are going to have to relearn the art of making politics," said Carlos Elizondo Mayer-Serra, a political scientist. "The fundamental pillars of Mexico's political system have changed."

9. Mexican Political System Consolidating democracy –Election of opposition candidates 2000 Vincente Fox’s (PAN)  “yuppie revolution” 2006 Calderon’s (PAN) narrow victory <1% of vote over Obrador (PRD)  charges of vote fraud  low voter turnout ~40% Test of democratic institutions –EU observers: “transparent and competitive” –Federal Electoral Tribunal upholds election »With no representation by PRD Felipe Calderon

10. By Franc Contreras BBC News, MexicoCity Politics has often been a violent affair in Mexico. And after decades of virtual one-party rule, July's parliamentary election has caused bitter recrimination. Battle for Mexico's democratic soul (2006) Mexicans have a lack of trust in their political institutions

11. Mexican Political System Drug war –Impact on political system