1. 0 Review for Exam October 25, 2010

2. 1 The ratio of estrogen to progesterone _______ leading up to paturition. 1.Increases 2.Decreases 3.Stays the same

3. 2 Fertilization occurs within ______ of ovulation 1.2 days 2.4 days 3.7 days 4.2 weeks 5.3 weeks 6.9 weeks 7.24 weeks

4. 3 The following are roles of oxytocin: 1.Bonding between a father and newborn baby 2.The milk ejection reflex of breast feeding 3.Uterine contraction during paturition 4.2 + 3 5.All of the above

5. 4 What would be the effect of a man being exposed to high levels of environmental testosterone on the following hormones? (increase/decrease/stay the same) 1.GnRH 2.FSH 3.LH 4.Inhibin

6. 5 A child may experience precocious puberty as a result of (check all that apply): 1.Childhood obesity 2.Increased leptin in the bloodstream 3.Tumor of the hypothalamus 4.Topical exposure to reproductive hormones 5.Ingestion of reproductive hormones

7. 6 Matching 1.Leydig cells2. Sertoli cells 3.Theca cells4. Granulosa cells a.Male, stimulate spermatogenesis b.Male, produce testosterone c.Female, stimulate oocytes d.Female, produce androgens i. Stimulated by FSHii. Stimulated by LH

8. 7 Why might taking progesterone with estrogen supplements be an effective form of birth control?

9. 8 Decreasing levels of estrogen and progesterone at the end of the menstrual cycle remove the inhibition of _____, which allows levels of FSH and LH to rise 1.Inhibin 2.GnRH 3.Oxytocin

10. 9 What is the effect of menopause on levels of the following hormones in a woman’s bloodstream? (increase/decrease/stay the same) 1.Inhibin 2.Estrogen 3.GnRH 4.FSH 5.LH

11. 10 What are the classic signs of inflammation? Why do they occur?

12. 11 Necrosis or Apoptosis? 1.Unregulated 2.Result of injury or toxicity 3.Expected when cells become damaged beyond repair 4.Carried out by genes 5.Triggers inflammation

13. 12 Why has the incidence of prostate cancer been increasing?

14. 13 Which of these is true about depression (check as many as are true)? 1.A placebo may be as effective a treatment as antidepressant drugs. 2.People with the long form of the gene for the serotonin transporter are at higher risk for developing depression. 3.The prefrontal cortex tends to be underactive in people with depression.

15. 14 You would expect to see the following changes in the brain of a crystal meth addict (check all that apply) 1.Increased receptors on the postsynaptic neuron 2.Depletion of neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft 3.Permanent changes in the pleasure center of the brain, especially in dopamine transporters

16. 15 Affects Peripheral or Central? 1.Curare2. Myathenia gravis 3.Botulinum toxin4. Parkinson’s 5.MS6. ALS 7.Guillain-Barre8. Organophosphates 9.Strychnine10. Tetanus 11. Heavy metals

17. 16 Match the disorder to the treatment (can use more than once): 1.Curare2. Myathenia gravis 3.Botulinum toxin4. Parkinson’s 5.MS6. ALS 7.Guillain-Barre i.Neostigmineii. Ventilation/respirator iii.Thymectomyiv. Dopamine admin. v.Immunosuppressant (Tysabri) vi.Riluzole and Baclofen

18. 17 Autonomic dysreflexia occurs as a result of ________ nervous system activation 1.Sympathetic 2.Parasympathetic

19. 18 True or false? 1.All cell death in spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and stroke is a result of direct injury. 2.Most damage from spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and stroke is permanent.

20. 19 Children who are deficient in ____ are more likely to develop lead poisioning if exposed to lead in their environment

21. 20 Name some cancer treatments?

22. 21 A hunch: study lupus!

23. 22 Answers 1.Increases (1) 2.2 days (1) 3.All of the above (5) 4.All would decrease 5.All (5) 6.1) ii,b2) i,a 3) ii,d 4) i,c 7.Inhibits GnRH, causing a decrease in FSH so that follicles aren’t stimulated, prevents mucus from thickening

24. 23 8. GnRH (2) 9. 1) decreases 2) decreases 3)increases 4) increases 5) increases 10. Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor (redness, swelling, heat, pain) Because of increase blood flow, increased capillary permeability, phagocytic cells, cytokines 11. 1) necrosis 2) necrosis 3) apoptosis 4)apoptosis 5) necrosis

25. 24 12. Aging population, improvements in detection 13. (1, 3) 14. (2, 3) 15. 1) PNS 2) PNS 3) PNS 4) CNS 5)CNS 6) PNS 7) PNS 8) PNS 9) CNS 10) CNS 11) CNS 16. 1) i,ii 2) i,ii 3) ii 4) iv 5) ii,v 6) ii, vi 7) ii 17. Sympathetic (1) 18. 1) false2) true 19) Ca2+

26. 25 20. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal therapy, monoclonal antibodies