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Cropping Practices that Influence Weed Management
John Cardina Ohio State University
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Two goals: Don’t let weeds emerge. Don’t let escaped weeds produce seeds.
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Crop Rotation Changing crop sequences to create an unstable and inhospitable environment for weed establishment and survival – resource availability allelopathic effects soil disturbance soil fertility mechanical damage X time
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Grass crop Legume vegetable Mustard Cover crop Legume Forage Small grain
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Grass crop Easy to cultivate Fibrous roots Competitive cultivar
Legume vegetable Easy to cultivate Fibrous roots Competitive cultivar Fast seedling growth Dense canopy Mustard Cover crop Legume Forage Small grain
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Smother seedlings Allelopathy Cover crop Mixed root structure
Grass crop Legume vegetable Smother seedlings Allelopathy Mixed root structure Mustard Cover crop Legume Forage Small grain
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Crop type – canopy shape, shading etc
Crop Rotation Impacts: UNSTABLE CONDITIONS Crop type – canopy shape, shading etc Chemical environment – fertility, allelopathy Physical environment – temperature, light, moisture Timing of all field operations – planting, tillage, cultivation, harvest etc.
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Crop Competition ~ 50% of weed control variety selection
resources – fertility, water row spacing, seeding rate soil management
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Allelopathy
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physical & chemical suppression
Cover Crops – physical & chemical suppression Rye Grass-legume Hairy vetch
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- killed, mowed - incorporated - surface residue
Cover Crops – - killed, mowed - incorporated - surface residue Buckwheat Crimson clover Mustard
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Smother Crops Winter-pea Red clover Sorghum-sudangrass Oats
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Mustard smother crops Corn Soybean
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Prevent weed emergence:
physical suppression shade allelopathy Prevent weed seed production:
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Prevent weed emergence:
cover & smother crops crop competition Prevent weed seed production:
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