1. Words Made Flesh  Obscuring the structure of a computational art piece to make the mathematic framework less obvious and the work itself more directly felt or experienced  In particular the importance of sound to achieve greater sense of immediacy  Overall focus on sensory experience  Bringing work to ‘life’ through automation. Florian Cramer “Spoken by the author on a tape recording, this and other permutation poems of Gysin were not solely mathematical computations, but also incantations.”

2. intelliChime Aaron Levisohn Language Fragmentation Incantation Automation

3. Orality and Literacy “Language is so overwhelmingly oral that of all the many thousands of languages – possibly tens of thousands – spoken in the course of human history only around 106 have ever been committed to writing to a degree sufficient to have produced literature, and most have never been written at all.” (7) Walter J. Ong

4. Orality and Literacy “A literate person cannot fully recover a sense of what the word is to purely oral people” (12) “Without writing, words as such have no visual presence, even when the objects they represent are visual. They are sounds. You might ‘call’ them back -- ‘recall’ them. But there is nowhere to ‘look’ for them. They have no focus and no trace (a visual metaphor, showing the dependency on writing), not even a trajectory. They are occurrences, events. (31) Walter J. Ong