1. Infrastructure for Electronic Government, An Overview
Adegboyega Ojo and Tomasz Janowski
UNU-IIST

2. e-Government Infrastructure
What is it?
A set of basic services and tools that enables the development and execution of electronic public services (e-services).
It provides services that are typically used by many e-services.
It is foundational and its usage spans several agencies.
A platform for facilitating the interoperability of e-services.

3. e-Government Infrastructure Need
The likely future for e-Government:
growing number of offered e-services
a web of relations emerging between e-services
more agencies involved, more complex services
increased level of sophistication and interactivity
more users reached with more devices
industry taking over e-service development

4. e-Government Framework
citizen
business
government
visitor
stakeholders
visas
VAT tax
residence
ID check
travel info
work permit
legal status
recruitment
messaging
emergency
consulates
e-government
services
driving license
social welfare
export permit
business license
business license
e-government
infrastructure
lifecycle
privacy
security
tracking
upload
authentication
workflow
messaging
search
download
government
departments
Legal
Affairs
Civil
Affairs
Real
Estate
Statistics
& Census
Economic
Services
Financial
Services
Health
Bureau
SAFP

5. Infrastructure Functions
Typical infrastructure functions:
administration
downloading
uploading
logging
authentication
privacy
security
personalization
tracking
messaging
- e-service lifecycle support
- document download
- document upload
- user request logging
- verification of user identity
- protection of user identity
- forbidding unauthorised access
- adapting e-services to user preferences
- progress tracking of requests
- message exchange between agencies

6. e-Service Infrastructure
Design Time
Run Time
e-Services
e-Welfare
e-License
e-Portal
e-Health
xG2G
xG2G
xG2G
xG2G
network
Infrastructure
Frameworks
functional interfaces
Services
GovWF
xG2G
front office
Components
upload
download
logging
tracking
notification …
back office …
GovWF
xG2G
management interfaces …
deployment
activation
monitoring
Management Services …
undeployment
testing
deactivation

7. Major Elements Five major infrastructure elements:
Front Office Framework
Back Office Framework
Government-wide Workflow
Extensible Message Gateway
Infrastructure Management Service

8. Element 1 - Front Office Front Office Infrastructure:
A framework consisting of Java APIs for developing Front Office part of e-service applications.
A Front Office Service for processing basic FO requests.

9. Element 2 - Back Office Back Office Infrastructure:
A framework consisting of Java APIs for developing Back Office part of e-service applications.
Provides an interfaces for interacting with Workflow Engines.
Provides two components for process tracking and notification.
Interfaces with the Extensible Messaging Gateway.

10. Element 3 – GovWF Workflow Infrastructure:
Processes requests received from a one-stop government portal.
Associates requests with services offered by different agencies.
Orchestrates high level processes.

11. Element 4 – xG2G Messaging Infrastructure:
Allows agency applications to exchange information.
Supports dynamic creation of channels and members.
Supports channel extensions, such as logging, validation, transformation, etc.

12. Element 5 - IMS Infrastructure Management Services:
Manages the lifecycle of infrastructure services and frameworks.
Monitors the provision of infrastructure services.
Controls the behavior of infrastructure services.

13. Development Principles
Openness – using technologies and tools compliant with open standards e.g. XML, Web Services and Web Services Distributed Management
Interoperability – considering technical, semantic and organizational interoperability e.g. use of XML schemas and BPEL process definitions
Reliability – ensuring that infrastructure elements are manageable, e.g. using web service management frameworks like WSDM

14. Development Approach e-Service Frameworks and Basic Services:
study of existing prototype G2C and G2B e-services
study of business processes for core services
identification of commonalities in processes
requirement synthesis and modeling
architecture and design modeling
component- and service-oriented architecture based on Java, J2EE, XML and Web Services technologies.
GovWF, xG2G and IMS:
typical software process applied:
Requirements, Modeling, Design Implementation
relevant implementation technologies like BPEL and WSDM adopted