1. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 CHAPTER 10 Life Span Development II PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation

2. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Lecture Overview Moral Development Personality Development Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood Grief & Death

3. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Moral Development Kohlberg developed a model of moral development (right & wrong) based on responses to moral dilemmas.

4. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Moral Development: Kohlberg’s Three Levels & Six Stages PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL Stage 1: punishment-obedience orientation Stage 2: instrumental-exchange orientation CONVENTIONAL LEVEL Stage 3: good child orientation Stage 4: law-&-order orientation POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL Stage 5: social-contract orientation Stage 6: universal ethics orientation

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6. Personality Development: Thomas & Chess’s Temperament Theory  Temperament: Basic, inborn disposition Three temperament styles: Easy Difficult Slow-To-Warm-Up

7. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Pause & Reflect: Assessment 1. George would like to wear two earrings & a black leather studded jacket, but he is worried about others’ disapproval. He is most likely at Kohlberg’s _____ level of moral development. 2. An infant’s inborn basic disposition is known as his or her _____.

8. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Personality Development: Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages Erik Erikson identified 8 psychosocial stages of development—each marked by a “psychosocial” crisis or conflict related to a specific developmental task.

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10. Personality Development: Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages 1-4

11. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Personality Development: Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages 5-8

12. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Pause & Reflect: Assessment Can you name Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development & give the approximate age for each stage?

13. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Answers to Previous Slide: Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year) Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1-3 years) Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years) Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years) Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence) Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood) Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood) Ego Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood)

14. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Pause & Reflect: Critical Thinking Have you successfully resolved the developmental crisis associated with your current Eriksonian stage of life? Are there earlier stages that you believe you have not have resolved successfully? If so, how has this affected your personal or social relationships?

15. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Cultural Influences on Development Individualistic Cultures: emphasize individual’s personal needs & goals over those of the group Collectivistic Cultures: emphasize the needs & goals of the group over the individual

16. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Worldwide Ranking of Cultures

17. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 The “Self” in Individualistic (left figure) & Collectivistic Cultures (right figure)

18. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Pause & Reflect: Critical Thinking Which cultural values, individualist or collectivist, do you find most appealing & valuable? Why?

19. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Marriage Research shows good marriages: Establish “love maps” Share power & provide mutual support Practice conflict management Share similar values, beliefs, interests, etc. Create a supportive social environment Maintain a positive emphasis

20. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Families Important family factors in development: Violence/abuse Teen pregnancy/ parenting

21. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Resiliency Resiliency: Ability to adapt effectively in the face of threat

22. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Pause & Reflect Psychology at Work Work & Retirement How can we find a great career that matches our unique personalities & interests, and fully enjoy retirement?

23. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: Work & Retirement Retirement Should we follow the activity, disengagement, or socioemotional selectivity theory?

24. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Meeting the Challenges of Adulthood: The Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

25. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Grief & Death Grief is a natural reaction to loss. Four major stages: 1. Numbness 2. Yearning 3. Disorganization/Despair 4. Resolution

26. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Grief & Death Cultures interpret & respond to death differently. Different ages also interpret & respond to death according to: Permanence Universality Nonfunctionality

27. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Grief & Death (Continued) Kübler-Ross developed a five stage theory of the psychological processes surrounding death: Denial (“It can’t be true!”) Anger (“Why me? It’s not fair!”) Bargaining (“I’ll change everything!”) Depression (“I’ve lost everything.”) Acceptance (“I know my time is near.”)

28. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 Pause & Reflect: Assessment 1. Different ages interpret & respond to death according to _____, _____, & _____. 2. Give a brief example of a dying person’s response during each of Kübler-Ross’s five stage theory of death.

29. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 End of CHAPTER 10 Life Span Development II PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation