1. 1BIOL 4014 Microbiology Fall 2005 Mon & Wed, Lecture 8 am LSW 444; Lab 9-10:50 am or 3-4:50 pm, LSW 546 Instructor: Dr. David F. Gilmore Office: LSE 418 Phone 972-3632 Email: dgilmore@astate.edu Web: http://www.clt.astate.edu/dgilmore Tentative Office hours: Tuesday & Thursday 10:30- noon, Friday 8:30- 10:30; other times by appt. Text: Microbiology by R. Bauman. Lab text: A Photographic Atlas for the Microbiology Lab, 3 rd ed, Leboffe and Pierce.

2. 2 Integrated Lab/Lecture course Match up of lecture topics and Lab exercises Additional time for discussion of lecture material, lecture exams. Avoid “is this lab or lecture?” thinking. Powerpoint lectures Each slide numbered for your reference Listen to ME, take smart notes Powerpoints will be posted following class Stuff Schedules may change, more likely in lab Alteration in points for Lab assignments Don’t be a stranger. Please no cell phone use or ringing in class.

3. 3 Grading Four regular exams, 100 points each Final (fifth) Exam, 100 points. Comprehensive final optional. Lab assignments totalling 450 points Two or Three Lab Reports One Lab Exam and one Lab Final One or two Unknown identifications Attendance in lecture: 50 points. Total 1000 points Roll call/ about attendance Student email, my web page Student ID numbers Cheating

4. 4 Microbiology: Definitions Chapter 1 in text Microbiology: study of living things too small to be seen w/o a microscope. –What’s life? Highly organized, self replicating, self-adjusting, capable of evolving, can obtain energy –Are all microbes that small? Epulopiscium and Thiomargarita: visibly large bacteria

5. 5 Classification of Microbes Three domains –Eubacteria: prokaryotic cell structure –Archaebacteria: prokaryotes, but different –Eukaryotes: 4 kingdoms Plants, animals, fungi, and protists. What are microbiologists interested in? –Eubacteria and archaebacteria for sure. –Eukaryotes like fungi and protists –Animals (parasitic worms) but not really plants. –What’s missing? –VIRUSES!

6. 6 Divisions of Microbiology By critter type: –Bacteriology, virology, mycology –Parasitology (includes protozoa, fungi, worms) Other divisions: –Pathogenic microbiology, Immunology, molecular biology, microbial ecology –Applied microbiology: water treatment, natural products, food microbiology, environmental microbiology

7. 7 History: Ancient knowledge Recognition of Immunity: –Variolation and protection from infection Intentional contact with minor form of smallpox –Edward Jenner and cowpox Milkmaids catch cowpox, seem to be immune to smallpox. Contagion: disease can be spread by contact. Exclusion of lepers; burning of plague victims Catapulting of disease victims into castles during seige

8. 8 Satire on Jenner and vaccination encarta.msn.com/.../ Vaccination_with_Cowpox.html

9. 9 History continued Microbiology as a biological science –Robert Hooke, 1665, discovery of cells –Antony van Leeuwenhoek, father of microbiology Dutch amateur lens grinder First person to see microbes, late 1600s –Mid 1800s, microbes taken more seriously and studied using the scientific method micro.magnet.fsu.edu/.../ introduction.html

10. 10 History: the Golden Age From about 1850 to start of 20 th century –Pasteur lays to rest the idea of spontaneous generation –Pasteur shows fermentation associated with life Prevents unwanted fermentation by Pasteurization Saves the French wine industry –Germ theory of disease: sicknesses caused by microbes –Robert Koch: lab techniques like agar, staining Koch’s postulates: how to link a microbe w/ a disease. –Semmelweis and handwashing –Lister and aseptic surgery –Ehrlich and antimicrobials

11. 11 20 th Century Microbiology Molecular biology Use of microbes as model systems for study Study of DNA, proteins synthesis Tools and processes for recombinant DNA Applied microbiology Food industry Water and sewage treatment Bioremediation Medicine –Emerging diseases; antibiotic resistance

12. 12 Why Study Microbes? Major impact on health Responsible for disease in humans, animals, plants Major impact on environment Major decomposers Nutrient cycling, elemental cycling Microbes are talented Live under extreme conditions Protect against disease Eat oil, toxic waste (bioremediation) Make plastic Spoil food, make food Use light, produce light