1. Evidence for Milankovitch theory (wikipedia!)

2. Px272 Lect 3: Forcing and feedback

3. Figure TS.5 Anthropogenic Radiative Forcings IPCC AR4 2007

4. Aerosol direct forcing Nature 438, 1138 (Dec 2005)

5. Aerosol indirect forcing effect

6. Figure TS.5 Radiative Forcings IPCC AR4 2007

7. G/house gas and aerosol buildup Rise of global Greenhouse gases with industrial era ( IPCC S/PM 2001) CO2 emissions continue to accelerate (IPCC 2007)

8. IPCC 2007

9. (b) Sulphate aerosols deposited in Greenland ice Industrial sulphate aerosols appear to have peaked for Greenland record.

10. Response and Feedback

11. Water vapour feedback Water saturation (mid troposphere) <-Simulation Observed->

12. Cloud Radiation Feedback Potentially quite large Altitude dependent Net highly uncertain

13. Ocean Circulation Feedback Huge heat capacity - delays warming Circulation driven by: temperature difference salinity difference rotation of earth - redistributes regionally: more winter heat to NW Europe from ocean transport than from sun - global heat redistribution still dominated by atmosphere

14. Ice Albedo Feedback

15. Arctic sea ice decrease

16. (ca 2002)

17. Changes in atmospheric composition 1990-2000 IPCC fig 3.4