1. 1 Deep Water Formation: Now vs Last Ice Age

2. 2 Model Predicted Air Temperature Change

3. 3 Models Predict a Future Slow Down of Deep Water Formation Rates in N. Atlantic

4. 4 Potential Temperture and Salinity in Atlantic Ocean

5. 5 Formation Regions of Deep and Intermediate Waters

6. 6 Circulation in Region of Antarctic Bottom Water Formation Entrainment Sinking 55ºS 70ºS

7. 7 Distribution of Intermediate Waters (600-1500m)

8. 8 Spread of Mediterranean Water in N. Atlantic (~1000m) Pot Temp Salinity

9. 9 Temperature and Salinity in S. Atlantic (~40ºS)

10. 10 T, S and σ for Deep and Intermediate Waters in Atlantic

11. 11 Pot Temp vs Salinity in Atlantic Ocean Is this site in N. or S. Atlantic?

12. 12 Temperature vs Salinity when there are only two Water Sources 4 10 3436

13. 13 Temperature vs Salinity for Three Water Sources

14. 14 T vs S for Components of LNADW LSW= Labrador Sea Water GSW= Greenland Sea Water NSW= Norwegian Sea Water LNADW= Lower NADW Component (GSW) GSW LNADW NSW

15. 15 Effects of Mixing on T and S

16. 16 T vs S in N. Atlantic (~40ºN 30ºW)

17. 17 Theoretical Circulation of the Deep Sea

18. 18 Ocean’s Conveyor Belt Circulation Schematic