1. Zeta potential measurement

2. Introduction
Zeta potential is the charge that is located at the slipping point of a particle in a medium.
Zeta potential is used mostly in Colloidal chemistry.
If the magnitude of zeta potential is > 30mV then it is in stable suspension
pH has a major effect on the system
Zeta potential can not be calculated directly.
However using Electro kinetic effects zeta potential can be measured

3. Zeta Potential system(general)
He/Ne laser, goes to a beam splitter which then sends the beam to a fixed mirror and a modulator.
Then the beams head into the sample with an electrode on both ends.
Then a photomultiplier picks up the signal and sends it to a computer.

4. Electro Kinetic Effects
Electro kinetic potential is caused by the interfacial double layer within a solution.
The double layer has a stern layer and a diffuse layer.
Using an electric field either electrophoresis or electro osmosis will cause the particles to move

5. Electrophoresis
Under an applied electric field the movement of charged particles in relation to the liquid its suspended in is measured
The velocity of the movement depends on the strength of the field, dielectric constant, viscocity, and zeta potential
Using Henry’s law zeta potential can be measured

6. Electrophoresis (Cont.)
Measurement of electrophoretic movement
Laser Doppler Velocimetry(LDV)

7. Electro Osmosis
Movement of charged particles relative to a stationary charged surface
Similar to electrophoresis an electric field is applied and the charged particles begin to move.
A reverse flow is used to counter the flow of the liquid system when the field is applied

8. Electro Osmosis (Cont.)
One problem is that there is only two places where there is truly the electro osmosis effect
M3 measurment-Using LDV
Slow Field Reversal (SFR)
Fast Field Reversal (FFR)

9. Zeta Potential uses
Zeta potential can be used as a means to tell how stable a colloid being analyzed is.
Zeta potential is key to understanding dispersion and aggregation processes in water purification, ceramic slip casting and the formation of inks, paints and cosmetics.
Often the only way to charecterize double layer properties

10. Benefits
Limitations
A good way to find the characteristics of the double layer in a colloidal mixture.
This also allows you to see how stable the colloid being analyzed is.
Zeta Potential can not be directly measured.
When finding the Zeta Potential the size of the double layer must be very thin.

11. Works Cited Zeta Potential Overview, Brookhaven Instruments, 1, 2009
Lyklema, J. Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science, vol.2, page.3.208, 1995
The Zeta Potential, Colloidal Dynamics, 4, 1999
Zeta Potential Introduction, Nicomp 380 ZLS, 101, 2006
IUPAC Technical Support. Measurement and Interpretation of Electrokinetic Phenomena, vol.77, pp
Zeta Potential theory, pp