1. JAX- Java APIs for XML by J. Pearce

2. Some XML Standards Basic –SAX (sequential access parser) –DOM (random access parser) –XSL (XSLT, XPATH) –DTD Schema Linking & Presentation –XPATH, XLINK, XBASE, XHTML Semantic Web –RDF (Resource Description Framework) –OWL (Ontology Web Language) –XTP (XML Topic Maps)

3. JAX Supports Java Web Services Java Web Service is a B2B service implemented in Java Web clients, apps, and services communicate and share data using XML JAX is a layer of APIs that sits on top of J2EE

4. JAX Consists of Document-oriented –JAXP (JAX Processing) Procedure-oriented –JAX-RPC (SOAP method calls) –JAX-M (SOAP messages) –JAX-R (business registries)

5. Major JAX packages javax.xml.soap javax.xml.transform javax.xml.rpc javax.xml.messaging javax.xml.namespace javax.xml.parsers org.w3c.dom org.xml.sax

6. JAXP Includes: javax.xml.parsers –SAX API –DOM API javax.xml.transform –XSLT API javax.xml.namespace

7. Parsers SAX is an event-notification parser DOM is a tree-building parser

8. SAX

9. Parsing Using SAX DefaultHandler handler = new MyHandler(); SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); saxParser.parse( new File("tree.xml"), handler );

10. A SAX Event Handler class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler { public void startElement(...) { // start processing detected element } public void endElement(...) { // finish processing detected element } public void characters(...) { // process text element } // etc. }

11. Creating a DOM Document

12. DOM Interfaces

13. makeDocument(String xmlFile) // obtain parser factory: DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); //obtain parser: DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); // parse an xml document into a DOM tree: Document doc = builder.parse(new File(xmlFile));

14. The Visitor Design Pattern Problem: We want to process each node in a tree, but there are many types of nodes. Solution: Put the node processing methods in a separate object called a visitor. When a visitor visits a node of type T, the correct method is automatically invoked. Visitors can use depth- or bredth-first traversal

15. A DOM Visitor

16. Visiting a Document public class Visitor { protected String name, value; protected int depthCounter = 0; public void visit(Document doc) { try { visit((Node)doc.getDocumentElement()); } catch(VisitorException e) { handle(e); } public void visit(Node node) throws VisitorException {... } public void visit(NodeList nodes) throws VisitorException {... } // overridables: protected void visit(Element node) throws VisitorException { } protected void visit(Text node) throws VisitorException { } protected void visit(Attr node) throws VisitorException { } protected void handle(VisitorException e) { System.err.println("visitor exception: " + e); } }

17. Visiting a Node public void visit(Node node) throws VisitorException { name = node.getNodeName(); value = node.getNodeValue(); switch (node.getNodeType()) { case Node.ELEMENT_NODE:... case Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE: case Node.TEXT_NODE:... // etc. } // switch } // visit node

18. Visiting an Element Node: case Node.ELEMENT_NODE: Element elem = (Element) node; depthCounter++; visit(elem); NamedNodeMap attributeNodes = node.getAttributes(); for(int i = 0; i < attributeNodes.getLength(); i++) { Attr attribute = (Attr) attributeNodes.item(i); depthCounter++; visit(attribute); depthCounter--; } depthCounter--; visit(node.getChildNodes()); break;

19. Visiting Text Nodes case Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE: case Node.TEXT_NODE: Text text = (Text) node; depthCounter++; visit(text); depthCounter--; break;

20. Visiting Child Nodes public void visit(NodeList nodes) throws VisitorException { for(int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) { depthCounter++; visit(nodes.item(i)); depthCounter--; } }

21. XSLT in JAX

22. MakeXMLFile() static public void makeXMLFile(String xmlFile, Document doc) { try { Source xmlSource = new DOMSource(doc); Result result = new StreamResult( new FileOutputStream(xmlFile)); TransformerFactory transFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance(); Transformer transformer = transFactory.newTransformer(); transformer.setOutputProperty("indent", "yes"); transformer.transform(xmlSource, result); } catch(Exception e) { } }