1. Generation of Oncogenes The major ways of generating oncogenes: Proliferation stimulating gene acquired by a virus. Proviral insertional mutagenesis places growth promoting gene under the transcriptional control of viral elements. Mutation of a proto-oncogene to an oncogene. Gene Amplification. Chromosomal Translocation.

2. Figure 4.2 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) Assaying for an Oncogenic Mutation

3. Figure 4.10 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) Point mutation can change a proto-oncogene into an oncogene

4. Figure 5.12a The Biology of Cancer Mutation can change a proto-oncogene into an oncogene Epidermal growth factor provides an example

5. Figure 3.23b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)

6. Figure 4.11b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) HSR revealed by myc specific probe N-myc is amplified in childhood neuroblastomas

7. Figure 4.6b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)

8. Figure 4.6c The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)

9. Figure 5.12b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) (eg. the effect of the SIS oncoprotein)

10. Figure 4.15a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) The ‘Classic’ Oncogenic Translocation: The Philadelphia Chromosome & CML Cytogenetic Findings Molecular genetic findings

11. Figure 4.13a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) Chromosomal Translocation in Burkitts Lymphoma