1. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

2. Biotechnology Bio  Biology Technology  Application The application of Biology for the benefit of humans

3. Biotechnology ? The application of biological organisms, systems or processes to manufacturing and service industries The application of biological organisms, systems or processes to manufacturing and service industries The integrated use of biochemistry, microbiology and engineering sciences in order to achieve technological (industrial) application capabilities of microorganism, cultured tissue cells and part thereof The integrated use of biochemistry, microbiology and engineering sciences in order to achieve technological (industrial) application capabilities of microorganism, cultured tissue cells and part thereof A technology using biological phenomena by copying and manufacturing various kinds of useful substance A technology using biological phenomena by copying and manufacturing various kinds of useful substance The application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological-agents to provide goods and services The application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological-agents to provide goods and services

4. Biotechnology ? The science of the production processes based on the action of microorganisms and their active components and production processes involving the use of cells and tissues from higher organisms. It was not included medical technology, agriculture and traditional crop breeding The science of the production processes based on the action of microorganisms and their active components and production processes involving the use of cells and tissues from higher organisms. It was not included medical technology, agriculture and traditional crop breeding The use of living organism and their component in agriculture, food and other industrial processes The use of living organism and their component in agriculture, food and other industrial processes The use of microbial, animal and plant cells or enzymes to synthesize, breakdown and transform materials The use of microbial, animal and plant cells or enzymes to synthesize, breakdown and transform materials The integration of natural sciences and organisms, cells, parts thereof and molecular analogues to product and services The integration of natural sciences and organisms, cells, parts thereof and molecular analogues to product and services

5. Stages of Biotechnology Development Ancient biotechnology Ancient biotechnology early history as related to food and shelter; Includes domestication Classical biotechnology Classical biotechnology built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted food production, and medicine Modern biotechnology Modern biotechnology manipulates genetic information in organism; Genetic engineering

6.  Traditional/old biotechnology The conventional techniques that have been used to produce beer, wine, cheese, many other food  New/modern biotechnology All methods of genetic modification by recombinant DNA and cell fusion techniques, together with the modern development of traditional biotechnological process Stages of Biotechnology Development

7. Areas of Biotechnology Areas of Biotechnology Organismic biotechnology Organismic biotechnology uses intact organisms; Does not alter genetic material Molecular biotechnology Molecular biotechnology alters genetic makeup to achieve specific goals Transgenic organism- an organism with artificially altered genetic material Transgenic organism- an organism with artificially altered genetic material

8. Biotechnology: A collection of technologies

9. The Applications of Biotechnology  Medical Biotechnology  Diagnostics  Therapeutics  Vaccines  Agricultural Biotechnology  Plant agriculture  Animal agriculture  Food processing  Environmental Biotechnology Cleaning through bioremediation Cleaning through bioremediation Preventing environmental problems Preventing environmental problems Monitoring the environment Monitoring the environment

10. Plant agriculture Crop production and protection Crop production and protection Genetically engineered (transgenic) crops Genetically engineered (transgenic) crops Using biological methods to protect crops Using biological methods to protect crops Exploiting cooperative relationships in nature Exploiting cooperative relationships in nature Nutritional value of crops Nutritional value of crops Improving food quality and safety Improving food quality and safety Healthier cooking oils by decreasing the conc. Of saturated fatty acids in vegetable oils Healthier cooking oils by decreasing the conc. Of saturated fatty acids in vegetable oils Functional foods: foods containing significant levels of biologically active components that impart health benefits Functional foods: foods containing significant levels of biologically active components that impart health benefits Plant Biotechnology

11. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Manipulating plants for the benefit of mankind Traditionally breeding tissue culture inter-specific hybridisation mapping phenotypic/biochemical markers

12. Now use a molecular approach to manipulation: molecular markers & mapping gene cloning, sequencing plant transformation genetic manipulation - transfer, silencing, up-regulation PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY a process to produce a genetically modified plant by removing genetic information from an organism, manipulating it in the laboratory and then transferring it into a plant to change certain of its characteristics.

13. Exogenous genes (non-plant genes) Applications: transgenic pathogen-derived genes bacterial genes any other organism Pathogen resistance Herbicide resistance bioreactors Delivery systems

14. Endogenous genes (Plant genes ) Gene discovery (functional genomics) Applications: markers transgenic Enzymes in biochemical pathway Natural resistance genes Marker assisted breeding Plant improvement Mapping ESTs, libraries Silencing, expression Mutants, arrays

15. Outline I. Plant Tissue Culture and Applications A. Plant Tissue Culture B. Micro-propagation 1. Somatic Embryos 2. Chemicals from Plants C. Other Uses of Tissue Culture 1. Protoplast Fusion 2. Somaclonal Variation 3. Germplasm Storage II. Plant Genetic Engineering A. Cloning B. Plant Transformation C. Transgenic Plant

16. Outline III. Applications of Plant Genetic Engineering A.Crop Improvement B.Genetically Engineered Traits: The Big Six 1.Herbicide Resistance 2.Insect Resistance 3.Virus Resistance 4.Altered Oil Content 5.Delayed Fruit Ripening 6.Pollen Control C.Biotech Revolution: Cold and Drought Tolerance and Weather-Gard Genes D.Genetically Engineered Foods 1.Soybeans 2.Corn 3.Canola 4.Cotton 5.Other Crops

17. Outline E.Nutritionally Enhanced Plants—Golden Rice: An International Effort 1.Cause for Concern? The Case of StarLink Corn 2.Cause for Concern? Genetically Engineered Foods and Public Concerns F.Molecular Farming 1.Edible Vaccines 2.Biopolymers and Plants IV.A Bright Future

18. Grading system Grade : 0 – 100 Grade : 0 – 100 A> 80 A> 80 B – D → 45 – 80 (Normal distribution) B – D → 45 – 80 (Normal distribution) E < 45 E < 45 Grade composition Assignment:30 Mid-term:30 Final Exam :40