1. 1 Multi-Domained, Multi-Homed Mobile Networks Mobile Platform Internet (MPI) http://www.multicasttech.com/mpi/ http://www.multicasttech.com/mpi/ mailing list: MPI-subscribe@multicasttech.com Terry Davis – Boeing (terry.l.davis@boeing.com) Will Ivancic – NASA Glenn (william.d.ivancic@nasa.gov)

2. 2 Common Sectors Aviation Maritime Trains Trucking (Shipping) Automotive Others ???

3. 3 High Speed SatCom Network Globally Available Affected by Weather Higher Bandwidth High Latency High Cost Low Speed SatCom Network Globally Available Low Bandwidth High Latency Very High Cost Redundant High Speed LOS Network Globally Available High Bandwidth Low Latency Lower Security Moderate Cost High Speed Terrestrial Not Available when Mobile High Bandwidth Low latency Lower Cost Operations Command and Control Mobile Network How do you decide which path the data should take? How do you cause the network(s) to route the data via this path? Destination Network (for Operations) Destination Network (for Command & Control) Internet Entertainment How Do You Select and Implement the Routing Path? Destination Network (for Entertainment) Low Rate VHF Reliable Low Latency

4. 4 Aviation Specific Issues Safety of Life / Safety of Flight –Time-Critical command and control for Air Traffic Control Fast convergence time is essential! New radio link technologies are “uncertified” for Air Traffic Control / Air Operations Communications (ATC/AOC) Regulatory requirements force network design Three independent network domains –(required for regulatory, QoS, & security) –Passenger & In-Flight-Entertainment –Airline Operations –Air Traffic Control Service providers may be authorized to carry one, two, or all services. ATC will be a “closed network” Multiple security and authentication architectures

5. 5 Airplane Communications

6. 6 In-Air Communication Multiple networks with varying criteria for utilizing different links –Aircraft Control Domain –Airline Information Services Domain –Passenger Information and Entertainment Services Domain Often multiple links will be active to the same domain simultaneously. May need to have connectivity to 10 or more ISPs depending on what airports one flies into –Need to autonomously connect to service providers –Each airport controls the ISP contracts

7. 7 ISO Aeronautics Telecommunication Network (ATN) Island Routing Domain Confederation ATN TRD ATN Backbone RDC ATN TRD ATN ERD ATN Island RDC Mobile RD Another ATN Island ERD – End Routing Domain RD – Routing Domain RDC – Routing Domain Confederation TRD – Transit Routing Domain  OSI IDRP Routing Controlled topology to ensure rapid route prorogation  Routing Protocols requires ownership/coordination of infrastructure Injecting routes Not deployed due to cost

8. 8 BGP/OSPF for Air Traffic Control E-BGP requires configuration with each Autonomous Systems. This is a scalability problem. Mobile-1 BGP Mobile-2 BGP Mobile-N BGP BGP/OSPF OSPF AREA 1 OSPF AREA N OSPF AREA 0 Air Ground If you don’t own the infrastructure, you probably will not be allowed to inject routes! This may work for ATC, but not for AOC or Passenger Services (AOC is a closed network and will not propagate routes to the world)

9. 9 Multiplexing at the Radio MUX NEMO-1 HA NEMO-1 Satellite MUX NEMO-2 HA NEMO-2 WiFi MUX NEMO-3 HA NEMO-3 VHF ATC AOC Passenger If one requires a separate nemo router for each domain, then, failure to Multiplex requires a radio for each interface!

10. 10 Antenna Systems Note, this picture does not show: Satellite links Passenger service links Gate links (WiFi) Gate links (umbilical cord)

11. 11 SATCOM AERO-1 SATCOM AERO-HH VHF Voice/DATA HF Voice/DATA GateLink INMARSAT Swift 64 High-Rate Satellite WiFi Max Cellular Future Links Mobile Router Operations LAN (Avionics) Communication and Display Passenger Services Air Traffic Management LAN Sensor Controller (Optional Display) NEM0-1 NEMO-2 NEMO-3 Mobile Network 1 Mobile Network 2 Mobile Network 3 Multiplexing at the Router

12. 12 Global HAHA for NEMO Primary Home Agent Secondary Home Agent Secondary Home Agent provides pseudo route optimization which is useful over long distances X Beware of VPN tunnels. If security is not considered up front, it may negate route optimization!  VPN Endpoint VPN Endpoint

13. 13 Global HaHa Draft allows for –Distribute HAs at IP layer HA to HA communications at layer 3 to get rid of home link in configurations where it is not needed –MIP proxy for local mobility management to allow a mobile router to bind locally as it is roaming far away from any of its own home agents –Pseudo route optimization in the infrastructure No Security Concerns –How is routing accomplished to get to appropriate HA? –How many home agents will aviation need? –How fast can one switch to a new home agent?

14. 14 Monami6 for Aeronautics

15. 15 Multiple Links to Aircraft Failover for safety-of-life critical control traffic Separation of governmental control, airline corporate, and passenger network traffic –Differing priorities on same link –Differing link forwarding selection according to policy

16. 16 High speed link int2 int3 Routing Policy int1 Low latency link Reliable link ATC AOC P-DATA Home Agent Policy-Based Routing, All Links Active Mobile Router

17. 17 High speed link int2 int3 Routing Policy int1 Low latency link Reliable link ATC AOC P-DATA Home Agent Policy-Based Routing, Critical Link Active Mobile Router

18. 18 High speed link int2 int3 Routing Policy Home Agent int1 Low latency link Reliable link ATC AOC P-DATA Policy-Based Routing, Passengers Link Active Mobile Router

19. 19 Multiple Care-of Addresses Some governments provide VHF/UHF air- to-ground network infrastructure Multiple commercial service providers for satellite and other links Removes potential single-point-of-failure for safety-of-life traffic Multiple HAs

20. 20 Within Monami6... Assume an aircraft has a NEMO MR with X links and care-of addresses, and Y geographically distributed home agents –X*Y bidirectional tunnels –But only a few active at one time At MR, downlink tunnel selection (CoA and HA pair) based on policy for traffic class of each packet At HA, uplink tunnel selection (CoA) based on policy Different security mechanisms for each tunnel based on policy

21. 21 Desires Multiple CoA option works for NEMO – GOOD based on draft-ietf-monami6- multiplecoa-00 Support use of flow binding option for NEMO HA-MR tunnel selection –draft-soliman-monami6-flow-binding-02 is currently worded very mobile-node (not NEMO) centric, although seems to work well for NEMO too

22. 22 Recommendations / Desires

23. 23 Recommendations / Desires Need Route Optimization for Large Mobile Platforms that move over large geographical areas. –Global HAHA is a potential –Other proposals also should be considered Including work being done in IRTF MOBOPTS It is highly desirable to have multiple NEMOs in a single router (multi-domained nemos) –What are the security implications of this? Need to examine Security Architecture relative to mobility mechanisms –If we are not careful, security may undo route optimization. –Ensure the IKEv2 and revised IPsec architecture are considered

24. 24 Recommendations / Desires Aspects of MANET Autoconfiguration may be applicable to traditional routing for large mobile systems regarding the air/ground interface addressing. MONAMI6 currently appears to be handling the needs of large mobile platforms. It would be advantageous if the filtering mechanisms and policy-base routing for monami6 worked with a hybrid nemo/mip/traditional routing configurations.

25. 25 Non-IETF (?) Issues or Not? Automated access to networks – particularly access to radio systems (Internet Docking for Mobile Networks) Implementation solutions are a combination of architecture, protocol and policy. Is it appropriate to have an “Informational document” for large mobile platforms?

26. 26 Mobile Platform Internet (MPI) Web Page: –http://www.multicasttech.com/mpi/http://www.multicasttech.com/mpi/ To Join to the mailing list, E-mail to: –MPI-subscribe@multicasttech.com