1. Presidential Nominations

2. Who selects the nominee? Historically… Members of Congress State party leaders Primary voters –(Or just those in Iowa and New Hampshire?)

3. Percent of Party Convention Delegates Chosen by Primaries

4. Rules of the 2008 race Frontloading

5. Date 1996 Jan wk1 Jan wk2 Jan wk3 Jan wk4 AK, HI Feb wk1 LA Feb wk2 IA Feb wk3 NH Feb wk4 DE, AZ, ND, SD Mar wk1 CA, CT, GA, ME, MD, HI, MN, ND, MA, NY, OH, RI, VT

6. Date 20081996 Jan wk1 IA, WY Jan wk2 NH, Jan wk3 MI, NV Jan wk4 SC, FLAK, HI Feb wk1 ME, CA, NY, IL, NJ, MA, GA, MN, MO, TN, CO, AZ, AL, CT, AR, OK, KS, NM, UT, DE, ID, ND, AL, MT LA Feb wk2 LA, NE, WA, ME, DC, MD, VA, HI, WI IA Feb wk3 NH Feb wk4 DE, AZ, ND, SD Mar wk1 OH, RI, TX, VTCA, CT, GA, ME, MD, HI, MN, ND, MA, NY, OH, RI, VT

7. Rules of the 2008 race Frontloading –Effect on “Momentum”? –Importance of the Invisible Primary? Demise of public finance?

8. The demise of public finance FECA Creates a voluntary subsidy for candidates who enter primary elections –All funds candidates raise in amounts of $250 or less (if they raise $5000 in 20 different states) are matched by the federal government on Jan 1 of election year –If you take the federal money, you abide by overall and state by state spending restrictions (about $44 million in 2004) Public financing ($74 million in 2004) for general election campaigns (with limits on campaign spending)

9. Rules of the 2008 race Frontloading –Effect on “Momentum”? –Importance of the Invisible Primary? Demise of public finance? PR vs. the Unit Rule (Democratic party)

10. California Open primary 370 delegates 241 allocated proportionally based on primary results in each of 53 congressional districts 129 allocated based on statewide vote 3 delegates: CDs 20, 47 4 delegates: CDs 2, 3, 11, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 26, 31, 32, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52 5 delegates: CDs 1, 4, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 17, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 33, 35, 36, 37, 50, 53 6 delegates: CDs 6, 8, 9, 12, 14, 30

11. California Closed Primary 170 delegates 159 allocated to the winner in each of 53 congressional districts (3 per district) 11 allocated to winner of statewide vote

12. Arizona Closed primary 50 delegates selected Winner take all

13. Arkansas Open primary 35 delegates selected 22 allocated proportionally based on primary results in each of 4 congressional districts 13 allocated based on statewide vote 6 delegates in CD 1 & 2; 5 delegates in CD 3 and 4

14. Arkansas Open primary, polls close 5:30pm 31 delegates selected today 12 allocated to the winner in each of 4 congressional districts (Three to the winner if he receives 50% of the vote, proportionally to the top two if he does not) 19 allocated based on statewide vote All to winner if he receives 50% of the vote, allocated proportionally among top three if he does not.

15. Colorado Closed caucus Precinct caucuses select delegates to county conventions, which select delegates to congressional district conventions, where 36 National Convention delegates will be chosen

16. Colorado Closed caucus Precinct caucuses select delegates to county conventions. These delegates are not bound to vote along with results of straw poll on “caucus day”.

17. West Virginia Party Convention 18 delegates selected All 18 delegates awarded to candidate who wins a solid majority of the vote at the convention on one of the first three ballots.

20. Who is advantaged by these rules?

21. So who selects the nominee? State party leaders? Primary voters? Large contributors? The Press? A combination? How might the influence of different actors vary because of –The prevalence of caucuses/conventions/primaries? –Open/closed primaries? –The calendar/frontloading? –Unit rule vs. PR? –Campaign finance rules?