1. Case Studies in Engineering Management for Transportation Safety and Security R & D Projects EAS 590 University at Buffalo April 4, 2007 Ed Starosielec

2. Complexity of the Solution Drives the Need for a Multidisciplined Approach to Technology Choices and Project Management Passive Systems---Early R & D Safety---a Growing Problem Matrix of Opportunities Vehicle---Highway Cooperative Programs The Complexity of E---Safety Adjacent Markets

3. ITS and Safety – – A LITTLE HISTORY 1981 Advanced development and evaluation of air bag systems. 1948 “Thin Man” 2D dummy used to evaluate occupant kinematics. 1954 Retrofit kit for installation of seat belts in automobiles. 1966 Beam barrier guard rail development.

4. Motor Vehicle Deaths and Fatality Rate per Total Miles Traveled (1950-2005) Motor Vehicle Fatalities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1950196019701980199020002010 Number of Fatalities Fatality Rate per 100M Vehicle Miles Traveled 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 55,000 60,000 Fatality Rate

5. Where Are The Opportunities? ITS and Safety Haddon Matrix Human Vehicles & Equipment Environment Alcohol Use Seat Belt Use Age, Physical Condition Fuel Tank Integrity, AACN Speed, Air Bags Brakes, Tires ICA, ACC,ESC Speed Limits, Red Light Cameras, RWIS Guard Rails EMS, IIMS, Mayday, NG 9-1-1 Pre-crash Crash Post-crash

6. Intelligent Transportation Systems The integration of sensors, communications, and computing technologies to reduce congestion and improve the safety of surface vehicles on our nation’s highways, railroads, and ports of entry.

7. Factors to be Considered When Choosing a Solution Time to Market User Acceptance Ease of Use (Judgment and Skill) Reliability and Ease of Maintenance

8. Additional Factors (Customer Perspective) to Consider Compliance to rules, regulations, and terms and conditions Technical Assessment Cost/Schedule/Performance Feasibility/Risk Cost and Cost Sharing

9. Additional Factors (Company/Developer) to Consider ROI ( Return on Investment) Sources of R & D Dollars IP Rights and Licensing Patent Opportunities and Infringement Issues Terms and Conditions of Contracts and Suppliers Internal Company Processes ( ISO, reporting and reviews, etc)

10. Autonomous Vehicle Safety –Intelligent Cruse Control –Rollover Stability Control –Rear Impact Collision Warning –Event Data Recorders (for Causal Factor Analysis) –Driver Performance / Distraction Emphasis of Intelligent Vehicles is Pre- and Post-Crash Are dual-stage and side curtain airbags examples of ITS technology? ITS and Safety

11. Vehicle Only Solution Space and Characteristics Self-contained Designed to Assist and Improve Driver Performance Warnings and Alerts versus Automatic Vehicle Control Right Technology Choices for Sensing and Display Liabilities Lessen If the Driver Stays in the Loop

12. Vehicle-Highway Cooperative Measures –Lane Departure –Intersection Collision Avoidance –Vehicle Infrastructure Integration ITS and Safety

13. Characteristics Associated with Cooperative Measures Somewhat More Complex Requires Integration with Infrastructures and Vehicles Sensing and Communication ( Inside/outside the vehicle) Sufficient Market Penetration to Warrant the Investment Level and Extent of Testing Increases

14. E-Safety – Integration of Public Safety, Incident Management and Emergency Medical for Real Time System Response –AACN / Mayday –CAD -TMC Integration –Integrated Incident Management –CVISN / CVO Fleet Management Systems Focus on Post Crash Environment Represents the Highest Level of Integration to Achieve Safety Goals (also achieve other missions – security) ITS and Safety

15. E-Safety Environment Drives Network Solutions Interoperability System Level Decisions Conformance to a Variety of Standards Integration of New Systems with Legacy Systems Many Players Requires Consensus Building

16. BREMSS Trauma Control Center (TCC) Hospital status data Blue Cross / Blue Shield of Alabama 9-1-1 Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) Voice Notification) First Responder Dispatch (by voice) Transport Coord- ination Hospital Browser OnStar by General Motors Crash data Patient data Crash data Patient data Crash data Patient & Crash data Pre-hospital Care & Transport OnStar Emergency Communications Center Intelligent Information Integration Broker (I3B) and Web Server Emergency Personal Information (EPI) Database BREMSS LifeTrac System ITS and Safety

17. Automated Collision Notification and Mayday Issues Vehicle (Post Crash ) and Infrastructure Integration Privacy Who owns the Data? Medical/EMS Community New and Emerging Technology on Several Fronts Move From Government Funding to Commercial Environment

18. ITS and Safety Emergency Response Other Centers Police Responder Public Works Fire/EMS IIMS Wide Area Network Traffic Mgmt. Center DOT Responder Police Responder IIMS Communications Framework Police Other Centers

19. Integrated Incident Management System Development High Level of Integration, but mostly Infrastructure Legal Many Players and new tools and rules Interoperability Training and Acceptance by Responders in the Field

20. ITS and Safety Security EMS & Public Health DOT DHS DOJ HHS ₪ Federal, State & Locals Emergency response to incident other than crash Intersection based on safety, mechanisms of injury and mitigation Intersection includes commercial trucking, borders, and corridors ₪ Multi-mission Requirements Drive Higher Levels of Integration

21. Push/Pull of Adjacent Markets and Issues Associated New Interfaces New Users Information Sharing Unknowns ( Domain and Missions) Corporate Strategy and Overall Fit ROI and Opportunity to Leverage the Investment

22. Summary and Final Thoughts On Transportation Safety Open Mind Multidisciplinary Approach is Required with Complexity Understand the Organization (s) Compliance to standards Emerging Technology may not be the Right Technology Active Systems Require Higher Levels of Integration