1. Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Annual forb growing from 2-5’ tall beginning in late spring. Contains a number of agents that could contribute to its toxicity: oxalates, alkaloids, saponins, nitrate and sulfate.

2. Tumbleweed, Russian Thistle (Salsola kali var. tenuifolia) Many-branched, annual herb growing to 2 - 6’ – at maturity the plant is stiff, prickly, round and bushy. Toxic agent is nitrate. All ruminants are susceptible to nitrate poisoning, with cattle poisoned most often.

3. Snow-on-the-mountain Annual herb in the spurge family. 1-3’. Toxic agent – white sap has long been used to blister the skin or as an intestinal purgative. Livestock are poisoned by an acrid principle, which severely irritates the mouth and gastrointestinal tract.