1. Optimization of Aquaponics System in Hawaii: Preliminary data Marissa Lee University of Hawaii, Manoa: College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Department: Molecular Bioscience and Bio-Engineering November 21, 2009 Bilger Hall 150

2. Presentation Agenda Project Rationale Experiment 1: Effects of Lighting –Shade –No Shade Experiment 2: Effects of Different Feeds –Protein Content –Fat Content

3. Project Rationale Partial fulfillment of MBBE graduation requirement –Senior thesis Partial fulfillment of CTAHR vision and mission –Generate and transfer science based information for stake holders to make informed decisions.

4. Experiment 1: Test the effects of light –How are nutrients in fish effluent affected? –How are the fish’s growth affected? –What is the crop output per treatment?

5. The experiment was held at UH Freshwater Aquaculture Facility at Windward Community College

6. Experiment 1 Fish: Oreochromis sp. Plant: Lactuva sativa- Red sail Lettuce

7. Experiment 1: Test the effects of light- Two treatments Treatment 1 Treatment 2

8. Experimental Design: Tank Setup Each tank stocked with 323 Tilapia. Average body weight = 1.64g Stocking density = 0.28 kg/m 3 Salmon Starter Feed –52% crude protein –16% crude fat Biofilm

9. Lettuce Trays Flow rate = 1.35 seconds to fill 1 Liter

10. Air Lift

11. Experiment 1

12. Temporal Changes in Dissolved Oxygen in Covered and Uncovered Tanks p < 0.01 =Difference is statistically significant

13. Temporal Changes in pH in Covered and Uncovered Tanks p < 0.01 =Difference is statistically significant

14. Turbidity tube  measuring the amount of particles. p < 0.01 =Difference is statistically significant

16. P < 0.0001 =Difference is statistically significant

18. Summary: Experiment 1 NutrientWater Quality Fish Growth Lettuce Growth No Shade Cloth LowOptimalFasterSlower Shade Cloth HighMinimalSlowerFaster

19. Results: Experiment 1 FCR Survival (Initial 323 Fishes) Harvest Density (kg/m 3 ) No Shade Cloth-1 0.6195% (307) 2.23 No Shade Cloth-2 0.7698% (317) 1.87 With Shade Cloth-1 0.9696% (310) 1.57 With Shade Cloth-2 0.9299% (320) 1.63

20. Experiment 2: Effects of different feeds –How are nutrients in fish effluent affected? –Is fish growth affected? –Is crop out put affected?

21. Experiment 2 Fish: Oreochromis sp.-Tilapia Plant: Lactuva sativa- Manoa Lettuce Plant: Lactuva sativa- Red sail Lettuce Plant: Brassica juncea- Mustard Cabbage

22. Experiment 2: Two treatments Treatment 1- Rangen 350 Treatment 2- Silver Cup Silver Cup Rangen 350

23. Different Treatments Rangen: –Crude Protein………35.0% –Crude Fat…………….5.0% –Crude Fiber…………..5.0% –Ash…………………..10.0% –Phosphorus…………..1.0% Silver Cup: –Crude Protein…….45.0% –Crude Fat………...16.0% –Crude Fiber.……….3.0% –Ash………………..12.0% –Phosphorus………..1.2% $ 0.77/ lb $ 0.63/ lb

24. Experiment Design: Tank Setup Each tank was stocked with 200 Tilapia Tank average = 26.4 g Stocking density = 2.78 kg/ m 3 Bioflim

25. Experiment 2

26. Water Quality Rangen 350Silver CupStatistics (p-values) Temperature 25.5 ± 0.945 25.4 ± 0.8560.618 DO 4.60 ± 0.6194.91 ± 0.557p < 0.01 pH 6.52 ± 0.4006.22 ± 0.420p < 0.01 Ammonia 1.05 ± 0.35411.3 ± 3.54p < 0.01 Nitrate 437.5 ± 35.4768.8 ± 8.83p < 0.01 Nitrite 6.43 ± 0.17710.2 ± 0.7070.066

27. Trace Minerals in Water Rangen –N = 14.9 ppm –P = 1.0 –K = 10.6 –Ca = 6.0 –Mg= 5.1 –Na= 10.9 –Fe= 0.1** –Mn= 0.1** –Zn= 0.04 –Cu= 0.01 –B= 0.03 Silver Cup –N = 17.8 ppm –P = 1.9 –K= 7.7 –Ca= 9.8 –Mg= 5.0 –Na= 6.3 –Fe = 0.1** –Mn= 0.1** –Zn= 0.1 –Cu= 0.0 –B= 0.0 Agricultural Diagnostic Service, ** = supplmented

28. T-Test for last sampling day p > 0.05 =not statistically different Analysis of Covariance p > 0.05 =not statistically different

29. Rangen Silver Cup p < 0.05

30. Rangen Silver Cup p< 0.01

31. Rangen Silver Cup p>0.05

32. Potassium Hydroxide Tank 1Tank 2 Rangen Treatment 150 Silver Cup Treatment 220250

33. Summary: Experiment 2 NutrientWater Quality Fish Growth Crop out put RangenHighMinimalNo difference Variable Silver Cup HigherMinimalNo difference Variable

34. Experiment 2 Summary FCRSurvival (Initial 200 Fishes) Kg/m3 Rangen-11.299.5% (199) 4.05 Rangen-20.7299.5% (199) 4.72 Silver Cup- 1 1.0196% (192) 5.23 Silver Cup- 2 1.2891% (182) 4.98

35. Acknowledgements Clyde Tamaru Kathy McGovern-Hopkins Harry Ako Mom and Dad My friends