1. Groundwater Topic 1053 Uses, System Components And Contamination Mr.Christensen

2. Groundwater Lesson Objectives Define groundwater,its importance, the parts of a groundwater system Compare movement of water through gravel, sand, clay and fractured rock

3. GROUNDWATER LESSON OBJECTIVES (Cont.) Relate land use to potential groundwater contamination Define point and non-point pollution

4. Groundwater Usage 99% of drinking water for the rural population 37% OF AGRICULTURAL USE (largest user) 37% of public water supply WITHDRAWALS 22% of all freshwater WITHDRAWALS

5. Groundwater From: Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service Bulletin WQ 35 What is Groundwater

6. HYDROGEN ION CONCENTATION (Ph) Environment Canada Website:www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/kids.html/

7. Permeability Versus Porosity From: Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service Bulletin WQ 35 What is Groundwater

8. Unconfined Versus Confined ACQUIFERS ARTERIAN WELL CONFINED ACQUIFER UNCONFINED WATER TABLE ACQUIFER From: Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service Bulletin WQ 35 What is Groundwater

9. Groundwater Issues Overdraft (withdrawing more water than is being naturally replenished) Unnatural contamination

10. Pollution Sources From the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality website at http://www.deq.state.or.us/wa/wqfact/DrinkingWaterGroundWaterBasics.pdf

11. Point Source NONPOINT Source Pollution Municipal sewage treatment Industrial discharge Leaking underground tank(s) Feedlot and manure storage Storm water discharge Atmospheric contaminates (acid rain) Leakage from waste disposal sites Leaching of agricultural chemicals Sludge Septic systems Leaking land fills Marine sources Land use (loss of wetlands) Abandoned mine discharge

12. Limiting Groundwater Contamination Federal water pollution control act (clean water act) of 1972 as amended (administered by environmental protection agency (EPA) required monitoring of discharge) The EPA was ESTABLISHED in 1970 to protect human health and safeguard the environment

13. Michigan Ground Water Stewardship Program (GWSP) HOME a-Syst/farm a-Syst—evaluation of risks and potential for groundwater pollution (free) Clean sweep--end-user disposal of unwanted/banned pesticides($5)

14. GWSP Drinking water screening—for nitrates, nitrites and triazine pesticides (free) Abandoned well closure (MGSP pays 90%) Pesticide container recycling (free)

15. Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) Provides technical, financial and educational assistance to farmers and ranchers to address significant natural resource concerns and objectives Examples: grassed waterways, fuel containment facility, sediment basin, stream bank and shoreline protection

16. What We Learned Today Defined groundwater, its uses, system components, and flow through different substrates Reviewed point and non-point pollution sources and their potential to contaminate groundwater Agencies and programs designed to protect groundwater