1. Lecture 17 The Cell Cycle, Programmed Cell Death and Cell Division

2. The phases of cell cycle S phase: DNA duplication M phase: DNA segregation Metaphase, anaphase Gap phases Interphase: G1, S and G2 23:1 G0G0

3. The cell cycles of fission and budding yeasts The morphology of budding yeast cells arrested by a cdc mutation

5. Analysis of DNA content with a flow cytometer

6. Two key components of the cell cycle control system The core of the cell-cycle control system

7. Evidence from cell-fusion experiments for a replication block How DNA damage arrests the cell cycle in G1

8. An overview of the cell-cycle control system

9. Apoptosis in development Cell death

10. The caspase cascade

11. Induction of apoptosis by either extracellular or intracellular stimuli

12. A model of how mitogens stimulate cell division

13. The function of cell death in matching the number of developing nerve cells to the number of target cells they contact

14. The effects of a myostatin mutation on muscle size

15. The M-phase of the cell cycle

16. Microtubule motorsActin-based motors Two cytoskeletal machines that operate at M phase M phase= prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase + cytokinesis

17. metaphase The three classes of microtubules of the fully formed mitotic spindle Motor proteins operate at or near the ends orienting shape

18. The major forces that separate daughter chromosomes at anaphase in mammalian cells Shortening mainly at their attachment, and, to a lesser extent at the two spindle poles Motor proteins at the kinetochore Motors at the poles

19. actin myosin II The contractile ring The cleavage furrow High dynamic actin filaments Microtubules stabilize the ring

20. The midbody: tether between the two daughter cells and contains the remains of the central spindle--two sets of antiparallel overlap microtubules tightly packet together Interesting behavior of mother centrioles in some cells Some of the components of the residual midbody often remain on the inside of the plasma membrane of each cell- marker on the cortex to orient the spindle in the subsequent cell division

21. The special features of cytokinesis in a higher plant cell Preprophase band decides division plane and forms before M phase A new cell wall (cell plate) is built with vesicles filled with cell-wall material plasma membrane and the membrane surrounding the new cell wall fuse Phragmoplast: remaining overlap MT

22. Summary 1.Cell cycle, core cell-cycle control system; 2.Programmed cell death, caspases; 3.Cell cycle and cell death are regulated; 4.Cell division, mitosis, cytokinesis 5.Mitotic spindle, contractile ring