1. Assessing Speaking

2. Basic Types of Speaking (1)
Imitative
Focus on pronunciation
Not concerned about comprehension or expression of meaning
Intensive (limited, mechanical, or controlled)
Semantic, syntactical, phonological aspects
Minimal interaction
Responsive
Interaction and test comprehension
Limited level of very short conversations
Yun-Pi Yuan 2

3. Basic Types of Speaking (2)
Interactive
Longer and more complex
Specific and interpersonal exchanges
Extensive (monologue)
Language style
deliberative (i.e., planned)
Formal
Examples
Speeches
Presentations
Story-telling (Brown )
Yun-Pi Yuan 3

4. Micro- & Macro-skills of Speaking
Microskills
Phonemes and allophones
Stress patterns, rhythmic structure, intonation
Lexical units
Reduced forms
Rates of delivery
Chunks of language of different lengths
Strategic devices: pauses, fillers, backtracking
Grammatical word classes, systems, word order, patterns, rules, elliptical forms
Speech in natural constituents
Cohesive devices
Yun-Pi Yuan 4

5. Macro-skills
Accomplish communicative functions according to situations, participants, goals
Styles, registers, pragmatic conventions, conversation rules, interrupting, etc.
Making connections between new/given info., generalization/exemplification, etc.
Nonverbal cues: facial features, body language, etc.
Speaking strategies:
Key word emphasis
Rephrase and more
Yun-Pi Yuan 5

6. Interview 4 stages: Warm-up: small talk Level check Probe Wind-down
Not scored
Level check
Probe
Wind-down
(Brown )
Yun-Pi Yuan 6

7. Two-on-One Interview Advantages Disadvantages
Practicality (two at a time)
Student-student interaction (maximize the output of test takers)
Increase in authenticity
Disadvantages
Equalizing the output between the two testees
discerning the interaction effect of unequal comprehension/production abilities
Scoring two people at the same time
Yun-Pi Yuan 7