1. Satellite Drifter Technology Dr. Sergey Motyzhev

2. Entity of the Drifter Technology Measurable Parameters Speed and direction of currents Sea surface temperature Vertical temperature profiles Air temperature Air pressure Sea surface waves Speed and velocity of wind Oceanography Sea currents Heat transfer Ecohydrocontrol Water exchange Modeling Hydrometeorology Weather prognosis Climate variability Maritime safety Fishing Applied goals Data applications International oceanographic scientific programs Weather forecasting Climate variability Black Sea Buoy Program

3. Components of the Global Observational System Tide Gauge Network45 % complete 3˚x3˚ Argo Profiling Float Array25% complete 5˚x5˚ Surface Drifting Buoy Array35 % complete Moored BuoyExistingPlanned Ocean Reference StationExistingPlanned High Resolution XBT and Flux LineExistingPlanned Frequently Repeated XBT LineExistingPlanned Carbon Inventory & Deep Ocean Line Global Survey @ 10 years Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Height, Surface Vector Wind, and Ocean Color from Space 20022010

4. WOCE SVP-B Drifting buoy Surface float Revision 2 – May 2005 Tether Drogue Polyurethane carrots Main differences between this and past kind of buoys 31-34 cm surface float Smaller of drogue diameter and height

5. Creation of drifter networks Areas of interests of Action Groups

6. Project E-SURFMAR

7. Black Sea Buoy Program 82 drifters were deployed from 1999 to 2007

8. Ship deployments of drifters in the Black Sea Black Sea Buoy Program Yacht "Petr Veliky" Scientific boat Akademik Commercial boat “Sevastopol-1” A drifter after deployment

9. Black Sea Buoy Program OceanographyHydro meteorology 1. Circulation 2. Heat transfer 3. Pollutions 4. Water exchange 5. Modeling 1. Weather forecasting 2. Maritime safety 3. Climate variability 4. Applied problems Goals Calibration and validation of the remote sensing observations

10. Main results of the Black Sea drifter study Investigation of mesoscale processes

11. Main results of the Black Sea drifter study Sevastopol anticyclone

12. Батумский вихрь Main results of the Black Sea drifter study Batumi vorticity

13. Main results of the Black Sea drifter study Increasing of space-time resolution of measurements

14. 15м 35м 60м 80м 0м 10м 12м 15м 20м 25м 30м 35м 40м 45м 50м 55м 60м 65м 70м 75м 80м T e m p e r a t u r e s e n s o r s D e p t h s e n s o r s Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain 80-m SVP-BTC in comparison with 60-m SVP-BTC  16 temperature sensors  Depth sensor at the end of chain  3 additional depth sensors at 15, 35, 60m

15. Temperature sensors Calibrated Temperature Range: 0 to 40 С Sensors: DS18B20 (Dallas Semiconductor) Accuracy: +/-0,2  С Sensitivity: 0,04  С Measurement Reading Time: 20 s (for 10 sensors) Number of sensors: 10 Time Constant: 100 s (in stirred water) Levels: 12,5; 17,0; 22,0; 27,0; 32,0; 37.0; 42,0; 47,0; 52,0; 57,0 m Depth sensor Calibrated Pressure Range: 0 to 1,0 MPa Sensor: D0,6 (Orlex, Russia) Accuracy (depth measuring): +/-0,5 m Sensitivity (depth measuring): 0,1 m Measurement Reading Time: 3 s SVP-BTC drifter with a thermistor chain

16. Trajectories of buoys (23.08.04 – 14.02.05) Goals of 2004-2005 experiment in the Black Sea Testing of new drifter and validation of remote sensing data. SVP-BTC drifter with thermistor chain

17. Graphical fragment from the drifter's sensors (SVP-BTC ID 49169)

18. SVP-BTC60 №49169 SVP-BTC60 №34860 Tracks and data sets during cooling and warming of water inside active layer SVP-BTC60 №№49169, 34860 SVP-BTC drifter with thermistor chain

19. Investigation of the Cold Intermediate Layer in the Black Sea by means of drifter with temperature chain and GPS receiver Cold intermediate layer SVP-BTC drifter with thermistor chain

20. The results of temperature measurements with 80-m SVP-BTC drifter Mixed layer Vertical profile Cold intermediate layer Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain

21. Participation in the International drifter activity Study of the tropical storm cycles by means of "Smart Buoys"

22. The issue of “Smart Buoy” idea Transformation of buoy for not only data collection and transfer to user, but also data analysis by its own processing possibilities to change the buoy status or goal of application

23. ParameterSVP-B SVP-BT (Storm buoy) AP resolution (hPa) 0.1 AP dynamic range (hPa) 850.0 to 1054.7 APT dynamic range (hPa) -25.5 to +25.6 Interval between samples (min) 6030 AP measurement Standard algorithm 40 AP samples (40 s). Median of the lowest 3 points. Median within 1 hPa “Storm” algorithm 10 standard measurements within 15 minutes with 90 sec interval. Average of 10 medians Rank for data transfer 15 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) SVP-BT drifter (Storm Buoy)-Second generation, 2004 Tz sensor at the end of tether (12.5 m) Goal: Investigation of the heat processes in the active layer

24. SVP-BT (Typhoon ) drifter Schedule deployment of buoys 9-10 July 2003 404324043440432 40429 4043040433

25. SVP-BT drifter (Storm Buoy)-Second generation, 2004 Registration of the hurricane Frances in August-September 2004

26. SVP-BT drifter (Storm Buoy)-Second generation, 2004 Registration of the hurricanes Katrina and Rita (August-September 2005) Advantage High reliability of the AP channel in storm conditions

27. Iridium Pilot Project (2006-2008) Global coverage Two-link communication Real-time communication Hourly data at round hours Low cost of traffic

28. Coordination with Meteo-France SVP-B mini Iridium+GPS Iridium Pilot Project (2006-2008)