1. Thermodynamic Geometry 2 Peter Salamon Udine Advanced School October 2005

2. Distillation -- an application

3. Distillation Sequence of K-stages Min Exergy cost implies constant distance stages Stages need heat input –diabatic column

4. L1L1 L2L2 L3L3 L4L4 L5L5 L6L6 L7L7 V7V7 V6V6 V5V5 V4V4 V3V3 V2V2 V1V1 L7L7 L6L6 V7V7 V6V6 L5L5 L4L4 V5V5 L3L3 V4V4 V3V3 L2L2 V2V2 L1L1 V1V1 D, X D F, X f Additional Heat Sinks And Heat Sources QDQD QDQD QBQB QBQB B, X B AdiabaticDiabatic

5. A False Stumbling Block Only a semi-metric –Scaling directions have zero length –Change of phase has zero length

6. Constant distance means that we should choose each T i such that

7. Can construct these heat capacities Heat capacity of V i+1 LiLi coexistence

8. Heat capacity that turns distillation problem into a coffee cup problem

15. Economic Realities Investment $ vs. Operating $ More trays.Smaller reboiler More heat exchangers.Smaller condenser Same total area More(?) heat pumpsThere exist clever heat pumps Saves 75% of the exergy cost ca. 200% of the capital cost Political realities: Installation is gathering dust, within $200K of finished after $3M invested. Ricardo Rivero had a physical breakdown over it.

16. Exercise as prelude to Lecture 3