1. Chapter 10
Race & Ethnicity

2. Race & Ethnicity
Look at the student next to you. Decide what racial and ethnic group he/she belongs in.
What criteria did you use to make your decision?

3. Ethnicity
An ethnic group is a social category of people who share a common culture.

4. St. Patrick’s Day

5. 15 Largest Ancestries

6. Race
Race is people treated as a distinct group based upon certain biological characteristics which have been assigned a social importance.
Salience principle…… categorization based on what appears initially prominent and obvious about them.

7. Minority & Dominant Groups
Power (political, cultural, economic)
Social status

8. Minority Groups Group membership is frequently ascribed.
receive prejudice and discrimination from the dominant group.
share a strong sense of group solidarity.

9. my parents and grandparents were able to purchase a house in any neighborhood they could afford.
I can take a job in an organization with an affirmative action policy without people thinking I got my job because of my race.
My parents own their own home.
I can look at the mainstream media and see people who look like me represented in a wide variety of roles
I can choose from many different student organizations on campus that reflect my interests.
I can go shopping most of the time pretty well assured that I will not be followed or harassed when I am in the store.
If my car breaks down on a deserted stretch of road, I can trust that the law enforcement officer who shows up will be helpful.

10. I never think twice about calling the police when trouble occurs.
8. I have a wide choice of grooming or make-up products that I can buy in places convenient to campus and /or near where I live as a student.
I never think twice about calling the police when trouble occurs.
The schools I have attended teach about my race and heritage and present it in positive ways.
I can be pretty sure that if I go into a business or other organization (such as a university or college) to speak with the “person in charge” I will be facing a person of my race.
Your total points:
Your racial identity:
Your gender:
No…..2,4,5, 8,10, 11

11. Racism
Racism is the perception and treatment of a racial or ethnic group, or member of that group, as intellectually, socially, and culturally inferior to one’s own group. 11 11

12. Discrimination
Discrimination : overt negative and unequal treatment of the members of some social group or stratum solely because of their membership in that group or stratum.

13. Forms of Discrimination
Housing Discrimination
Income Discrimination

14. Institutional Racism
Institutional racism is a form of racism involving the negative treatment and oppression of one racial or ethnic group by society’s existing institutions.
Racial profiling is an example of institutional racism in the criminal justice system. 14

15. Racial Profiling Discussion
Is racial profiling functional or dysfunctional?
Instructor using these photos engage the class in a discussion if racial profiling, its function and dysfunction to society at large. 15 15

16. Racial Stereotypes
A stereotype : an oversimplified set of beliefs about members of a social group or social stratum.
It is based on what we see first (salient principle) about a person or group of people.

17. Prejudice
Prejudice is the evaluation of a group and an individual in it based on conceptions about the group.
Prejudice as a result of Socialization

18. Educational Achievement
B.A. holder among people with 25 and over
Whites           26.7%
Blacks          %
Hispanics      %
Asians         %
Native Americans    9.3%

19. The Household Income Gap by Race

21. Affirmative Action
Affirmative action is a race-specific policy for reducing job and educational inequality. 21

23. “Race” is a socially constructed idea
Race is culturally relative.
Whether one belongs in the inferior or superior group depends on the culture.
Race is a social construct.
i.e., society assigns people to racial categories.
ex. the Irish a century ago – “Negroes turned inside out.”
Negroes (Black people) were called “smoked Irish.”

24. President Obama America’s 1st African American President
Insert photo 10.2

25. Race is a socially constructed categorization
Religion (India, Poland )
region & language (China, Taiwan)
language (Philippines)
nationality & language (Germany)
skin color & class (Brazil)
ancestry & tribe (Malawi)
tribe & language (Nigeria)
skin tones (Haiti)
nationality & blood type (Japan)
no concept of race based on biological attribute (homogeneous countries - China, Korea, Japan, Ukraine, Poland etc.)

26. Racialization
Racialization is a process whereby some social class or nationality takes on what society perceives to be racial characteristics.
e.g., Hitler’s treatment of Jews created the Jewish ethnic identity.
Muslims in the U.S.

27. Segregation
Segregation : the spatial and social separation of racial and ethnic groups.
hypersegregation (a pattern of extreme segregation) 27

28. Percent of the Total Population Who Are Black or African American Alone (2008)

29. Segregation of Asians in a Brooklyn neighborhood29 29

30. Demographic Characteristics of LI

31. U.S. Census
The United States Census Bureau counts and classifies people by income, occupation, health conditions, size of family, and skin color.
It has to decide what categories to use to classify people.
Society’s thinking about race and ethnic groups changes throughout history.
In recent years, people can use “mixed race” to indicate parents of different racial/ethnic backgrounds. 31

32. National Census http://www.census.gov/ Click : Quick Fact
Choose New York
Click: Browse Data Sets for New York
Click: Demographic, Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics
Choose: 2000

34. U.S. Census Bureau (2003) 34

35. Black Population on LI
U.S. National Census (2000)

36. Hispanic Population on LI
U.S. National Census (2000)

37. 37

38. Immigration Issues

39. Immigration: Benefit & Cost
More workers & consumers
Economy
New knowledge and technologies
Global connections
Cost
More competition among workers
Overpopulation
Unemployment
Financial costs
Education (ex. language)
Less stability ?
Crime & Violence?

40. Immigration
At the national level, the foreign-born population represented 12.5 percent of the total population (2008)
21.7 percent of New York's total population (2008)
3.8 percent from Africa
25.6 percent from Asia
19.7 percent from Europe
49.3 percent from Latin America
1.4 percent from Northern America
0.3 percent from Oceania

41. History of Legal Immigration to the U.S.

42. National Origins Quota Act
Passed in 1924.
Anyone considered an imbecile, idiot, or lunatic or in any way unstable was denied entry to the U.S.
required to pass an English literacy test.
Approximately 80% of those requesting entry were denied based on this exam.
Blocked immigrants from Africa, Latin America, East Europe and Asia

43. Percent of the Projected Population by Race and Hispanic Origin
U.S. National Bureau

44. Assimilation vs. Cultural Pluralism
Assimilation: a process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society
Cultural Pluralism: Different groups in society maintain their distinctive cultures while also coexisting peacefully with the dominant group.

45. Sociological Perspectives
Functionalism
Assimilation is necessary
Symbolic Interaction Theory
Contact Theory
Stereotype as a result of socialization
Conflict Theory
Racial and ethnic conflict is tied to class conflict
Affirmative action is necessary

46. **Discussion Questions
Can a minority group fullly assimilate into the social and political landscape of this country?
Why or why not?
Will all minority groups (e.g. Arabs and Blacks) be accepted, and will the process be the same or different?
What will they need to do to gain acceptance?

47. Illegal Immigrants Types of immigrants: Legal Documented illegal
Undocumented illegal
Conditions for legal immigrants

48. The number of Illegal Immigrants to the U.S.

50. Film “Farmingville”

51. Exam 3 Study Guide Questions
Discuss five social consequences of an increase in the number of illegal immigrants in Farmingville?
Why is the bill for the construction of a “hiring site” in Farmingville so controversial?