1. Respiration Your body does it millions of times at once!

2. What is respiration? Physiological definition: The act of exchanging gasses with the environment –mammals : inhale air, exhale CO 2 Biochemical definition aka cellular respiration: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

3. 1.Air is inhaled through the lungs (breathing) 2._____________________ inside red blood cells capture O 2 3.Blood with O 2 is pumped through the body to all tissues 4.In capillaries, cells _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 5.O 2 diffuses into the cell, and is _____________________________________ _____________________________________ molecules and make ATP Respiration in mammals

4. How does O 2 get into the blood? Lungs are mostly a collection of ____________________________________, and they are surrounded by ______________________________________ As you inhale, the alveoli fill up with air, which contains O 2 Because there is more O 2 in the lungs than in the blood, ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Blood coming from the lungs is red because ______________________________________

6. How does O 2 get into cells? Cells and tissues receive all nutrients (food, O 2, water) ______________________ When blood from the lungs reaches cells, there are______________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ At the same time, ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ where there is almost no CO 2

7. How do animal cells use O 2 ? Cells break down glucose molecules to create ATP, the energy storing molecule O 2 is a crucial molecule in this process Aerobic respiration –______________________ –What our bodies do 95% of the time

8. What happens without O 2 Anaerobic respiration –_________________________________________ –Much less efficient, takes place during emergencies when not enough O 2 is available –Produces alcohol in yeasts –_______________________________________ EX: When running away from a tiger, your muscles need lots of ATP FAST, but your heart can’t pump enough O 2 for aerobic respiration to produce enough ATP. Your muscles switch to anaerobic respiration, and the next day, all that lactic acid makes that tissue sore.

9. How does your body use ATP? _________ is the most important energy provider for cells in all tissues ____________________ ____________________ releases energy used in other reactions in the cell ____________________ ADP is recycled and the P i group is put back on ___________________

10. Using ATP during active transport ATP is ____________________ ____________________ by the Na + /K + pump Energy released during ATP hydrolysis is used ____________________ ____________________ concentration gradients ADP is transported back ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ during cellular respiration

11. Cellular Respiration A very complicated molecular mechanism of transferring energy from glucose to ATP Many steps that have to be memorized –Make flash cards and study them –Make up a song –Draw the mechanism over and over again –Explain it to your mom