1. Date12.00-13.00 T4021300-14-00 T04021500-1630 H016 12 FebruarySeminar 1 Group 4Seminar 1 Groups 5 & 6 (Part Time) Lecture 4 Theories of Meaning in Architecture 19 FebruarySeminar 1 Group 7Seminar 1 Group 8Lecture 5 Theories of Mind, Body and Soul 26 FebruarySeminar 1 Group 6Seminar 2 Groups 1 & 2 Lecture 6 Theories of Nature and Place 5 MarchSeminar 2 Groups 3 & 4 Lecture 7 Theories of Gender and Society 12 MarchSeminar 2 Groups 5 & 6 (Part Time) Lecture 8 Theories of Construction and Making 19 MarchSeminar Groups 7 & 8Lecture 9 Theories of the Digital and Virtual

2. Theories of Meaning in Architecture

3. Semiology: the science of signs Signifier/Signified Context/Metaphor Langue/Parole from Charles Jencks ‘Semiology and Architecture’ in Charles Jencks and George Baird, eds. Meaning in Architecture, 1969

4. Signifier/Signified The signifier is a representation for an idea or thought which is signified. In language, the sound would be the signifier and the idea the signified, whereas in architecture, the form would be the signifier and the content the signified.

5. Context/Metaphor There are two basic ways a sign achieves meaning - both through its relation to all other signs in a context or chain, and through the other signs for which it has become a metaphor by association, or similarity. The synonyms for context are chain, opposition, syntagm, metonymy, contiguiity 3 relations, contrast: for metaphor they are association, connotation, similarity, correlation, paradigmatic or systemic plane.

6. The Semiological Triangle

7. Langue/Parole All the signs in a society taken together constitute the langue or total resource. Each selection from this totality, each individual act, is the parole. Thus the langue is collective and not easily modifiable, whereas the parole is individual and malleable.

8. System and Syntagm from Roland Barthes, Elements of Semiology,1964

9. Sign systems, by Charles Jencks

10. The Doric Order as System and Syntagm

11. From Roland Barthes, Mythologies, 1958

12. Metaphor: Personification of the Orders by John Shute after Vitruvius

13. John Simpson, The Queen’s Gallery, 2002

14. Metonymy: The Semiotics of the Tassel Alan Powers, Building Design, May 2002

17. Pre-modern meaning

18. Historians reconstruct meaning: Erwin Panofsky

19. Porta Palio, Verona and Rustic Gate from Serlio

20. The European Gate from Peter Davidson and Alan Powers, Five Gates for England, 1996

21. Henri Labrouste, Bibliotheque Ste Geneviève, Paris, 1848 Elevation and section

22. E. Gunnar Asplund, Stockholm City Library, 1930

23. E. Gunnar Asplund, Mercury in Stockholm City Library, 1930

24. Everything in the world is a product of the formula (function times economy) All art is composition and therefore unfunctional All life is function and therefore inartistic Hannes Meyer 1928 below: Trade Union College, Burnau, by Meyer & Wittwer, 1930

25. From Wiseman and Groves, Levi-Strauss for Beginners, 1997

29. Robert Venturi, Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture, 1966

31. From Venturi, Scott-Brown and Izenour, Learning from Las Vegas, 1972

32. ‘Information/Herladry’ from Learning from Las Vegas

33. 1977

34. The symbolic death of Modern Architecture

35. ‘Killing the Father’

36. ‘Gay Eclectic’ - semiological anaylsis

37. Who lost the meaning of modernism? Above: Barcelona Pavilion, Mies van der Rohe, 1929. Left: drawing by architects, and right: as redrawn for The International Style, 1932 Below: Tugendhat House, Brno, 1930

38. From Terence Riley and Barry Bergdoll, eds. Mies in Berlin, 2002

39. Walter Benjamin ‘The Arcades Project’

40. Playing with meaning and history: Italo Calvino, Invisible Cities, 1974

41. Michael Graves, 1969

42. Peter Eisenman House III for Robert Miller, Lakeville, Connecticut, 1971

43. Daniel Libeskind on the Jewish Museum

44. Daniel Libeskind, Study for the Jewish Museum

45. ‘Void-voided void’, The Jewish Museum

46. The Jewish Museum, completed building, exterior

47. Private Eye on Libeskind, 2002