1. K.U.Leuven George Danezis 1 and Alfredo Rial 1,2 Privacy-Preserving Smart Metering 1 Microsoft Research Cambridge 2 KULeuven ESAT/SCD/COSIC – IBBT, Belgium WPES 17 / 10 / 2011 Privacy-preserving Smart Metering17 October 2011

2. Introduction to smart metering and privacy System Model Our Protocol o Construction o Implementation Conclusion Index 2Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

3. 17 October 2011 1 – INTRODUCTION 3Privacy-preserving Smart Metering http://overview.ge-energy.com/energyservices/index.jsp

4. 17 October 2011 4Privacy-preserving Smart Metering Smart Grid Power generation Power transmissionPower distribution Industrial CustomersResidential CustomersCommercial Customers Data communication Electricity trasmission New communication channels!

5. 17 October 2011 Smart Meter 5Privacy-preserving Smart Metering Reports fine-grained consumption data Receives commands: switch-off, change to prepaid mode, etc. Interaction via a user-friendly interface http://legalplanet.wordpress.com/2010/08/20/smart-meters-and-smart-regulation/ http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/07/

6. 17 October 2011 ADVANTAGES 6Privacy-preserving Smart Metering Efficient Delivery Prevention of Outages Self-healing grid http://www.fresnobee.com/2010/02/26/1838492/editorial-cartoon-pges-smart-meters.html

7. 17 October 2011 ADVANTAGES 7Privacy-preserving Smart Metering http://www.boost-energy.com/boost/davidblog.html

8. 17 October 2011 ADVANTAGES 8Privacy-preserving Smart Metering ELECTRICITY SAVING VIA MATCHING GENERATION AND DEMAND http://blog.news-record.com/opinion/letters/archives/2007/10/cartoon_took_cheap_shot_at_ove.shtml

9. 17 October 2011 ADVANTAGES 9Privacy-preserving Smart Metering HELP USERS SAVE ENERGY http://www.greenbang.com/jurdy-hair-raising-energy-consumption_14998.html

10. 17 October 2011 USA: Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 o American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009, $4.5bn) EU: Directive 2009/72/EC UK: deployment of 47 million smart meters by 2020 DEPLOYMENT 10Privacy-preserving Smart Metering http://www.ci.royal-oak.mi.us/portal/book/export/html/1751 http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/05/obama-finally-starts-talking-clean-energy-wake-gulf-spill.php

11. 17 October 2011 2 - PRIVACY THREATS 11Privacy-preserving Smart Metering http://turn.org/article.php?id=875

12. 17 October 2011 Fine-Grained Consumption Data 12Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

13. 17 October 2011 Privacy Concerns 13Privacy-preserving Smart Metering Personal Information can be inferred: When you are at home Which appliances you use When you eat Whether you arrive late to work http://www.zazzle.co.uk/obamas_smart_metre_is_communism_tshirt-235996664492570554

14. 17 October 2011 Privacy Concerns 14Privacy-preserving Smart Metering http://forcechange.com/2009/02/10/google-jumps- into-the-smart-meter-industry-and-debate/

15. 17 October 2011 Social Pressure 15Privacy-preserving Smart Metering http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2010/08/26/18656872.php

16. 17 October 2011 Consequences 16Privacy-preserving Smart Metering “The Dutch First Chamber considers the mandatory nature of smart metering as an unacceptable infringement of citizens’ privacy and security” http://turn.org/article.php?id=1154

17. 17 October 2011 3 – SYSTEM MODEL 17Privacy-preserving Smart Metering http://antennagroup.com/transmissions/tag/conferences/

18. 17 October 2011 ENTITIES 18Privacy-preserving Smart Metering Provider (P) User (U) Meter (M) http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8042716.stm http://www.daylife.com/photo/04SSd1bgHS0Tp

19. 17 October 2011 P is assured that U reports correct fee P does not learn (cons, other) P cannot claim U must pay fee’ SECURITY REQUIREMENTS 19Privacy-preserving Smart Metering http://www.inkity.com/catalog/product/ 2/2077/Shaking-On-Money-Deal.html http://apcit.blogspot.com/ http://www.billboardmama.com/recor ding-connection-scam-p-1017.html

20. 17 October 2011 M should be tamper-resistant No direct uplink from M to P ASSUMPTIONS 20Privacy-preserving Smart Metering http://www.smartplanet.com/business/blog/smart- takes/report-smart-meters-have-security-holes-that- could-allow-hackers-access-to-grid/5532/ http://trac.cyberduck.ch/wiki/help/en/howto/googledocs

21. 17 October 2011 M, U, P interact in five phases: Setup & Initialization Consumption Phase Payment Phase Policies 4 – Our Protocol 21Privacy-preserving Smart Metering http://www.imetertechnology.com/

22. 17 October 2011 Setup Phase 22Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

23. 17 October 2011 Initialization Phase 23Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

24. 17 October 2011 Consumption Phase 24Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

25. 17 October 2011 Payment Phase (I) Privacy-preserving Smart Metering25

26. 17 October 2011 Payment Phase (II) 26Privacy-preserving Smart Metering26Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

27. 17 October 2011 Pricing Policies 27Privacy-preserving Smart Metering Consumption Price Linear PolicyDiscrete Policy Price Consumption

28. 17 October 2011 Pricing Policies 28Privacy-preserving Smart Metering Interval Policy Price Consumption Cumulative Policy Price/Consuption

29. 17 October 2011 Pricing Policies 29Privacy-preserving Smart Metering Price Consumption

30. 17 October 2011 Remarks 30Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

31. 17 October 2011 It does not require anonymous channels or anonymized databases It does not require interaction among users Minimises Trusted Computing Base It does not require trusted parties It is efficient enough for practical applications It supports a wide variety of pricing policies It permits selective disclosure of private data Advantages 31Privacy-preserving Smart Metering http://www.frikipedia.es/friki/An%C3%B3nimo

32. 17 October 2011 Evaluation 32Privacy-preserving Smart Metering 32 Bit64 Bit Full-fledged Construction Efficient Construction Full-fledged Construction Efficient Construction Consumption Phase 31.4/s 171.209/s Compute Payment 1.5/s26780.6/s20.1444/s298295/s Verify Payment 2.2/s3711.02/s91.3977/s16345/s

33. 17 October 2011 Privacy-Preserving smart metering system: o Allows reporting fee without disclosing consumption o Minimizes TCB o Does not require anonymity or MPC o Supports wide variety of pricing policies o Efficient Implementation Other applications: o Pay-as-you-drive car insurance o road tolling o cloud computing billing Conclusions 33Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

34. 17 October 2011 Questions 34Privacy-preserving Smart Metering http://blogs.courant.com/bob_englehart/2008/07/july-10-2008.html