1. Adaptive Hypermedia: What is it and why are we doing it? Dr. Alexandra Cristea a.i.cristea@warwick.ac.uk http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/

2. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions 1. Adaptive Hypermedia of the Past, Present and Future

3. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 + presentation m.

4. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 What is Adaptive Hypermedia? Hypermedia –different media types used in a single application (text, images, sound, video, …) –non-linear structure with navigation through hyper-links Adaptive –application forms a model of the context in which it is used (user, place, time, device, etc.) –application adapts to that context (can show different information, different media, different links, etc.) –adaptation and user/ presentation modeling interact with each other (or else we say the application is adaptable, not adaptive) is more than the Web!!

5. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Index Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions

6. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 The need for personalization

7. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Why AH? Problems with hypermedia applications: –information overload: no time or interest to process all –excessive navigational freedom: “lost in hyperspace” which links are relevant (for this user) ? –comprehension: order (a.o.) may be relevant: what has the user seen before when reaching a certain node? –presentation: what fits the user’s screen? how much network bandwidth and processing power is available?

8. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Index Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions

9. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Application areas AH Areas –Education –Commerce –Government –others Adaptation types –Adaptive Help –Adaptive Search –Expert systems – AI –others

10. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Index Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions

11. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 What can be adapted? – classical views Adaptive presentation: –change which information is shown –change how that information is shown Adaptive navigation support: –change which links are shown –change how these links are shown –change the link destinations

12. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Adaptive Presentation

13. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Adaptive Navigation Support

14. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Example from 2L690 Before reading about Xanadu the URL page shows: –… In Xanadu (a fully distributed hypertext system, developed by Ted Nelson at Brown University, from 1965 on) there was only one protocol, so that part could be missing. … After reading about Xanadu this becomes: –… In Xanadu there was only one protocol, so that part could be missing. …

15. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 ISIS Tutor with Link Annotation The wrong example:

16. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Example from Interbook 1. Concept role 2. Current concept state 3. Current section state 4. Linked sections state 4 3 2 1 √

17. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 TV Scout: What’s on Tonight?

18. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 TV Scout: Forms and Graphical Interface

19. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Index Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions

20. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Adapt to what? User  user model (UM) Goals  goal model (GM) Domain  domain model (DM) Environment  presentation model (PM)

21. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 User modelling is always about guessing …

22. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Classical User Model: Overlay UM user’s knowledge = subset of expert’s knowledge goal of tutoring: to enlarge this subset. This model is particularly appropriate when the (teaching) material can be represented as a prerequisite hierarchy.

23. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006

24. Adapt to what (else)? Knowledge about the subject domain (and possibly also knowledge about the system) Preferences Interests Learning or cognitive styles Background: profession, language, prospect, capabilities, experience, age Navigation history

25. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Adapt to what? User  user model (UM) Goals  goal model (GM) Domain  domain model (DM) Environment  presentation model (PM)

26. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Adapt to what? Goal (initial) purpose of the hypermedia answer to question –“Why should the user use the hypermedia system and what could the user actually achieve?” Goals can be local or global. –Local goals may changed quite often. For example, the problem-solving goal is a local one, which changes from one educational problem to another several times within a session. –Global goal can be the pedagogical / commercial goal.

27. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Adapt to what? User  user model (UM) Goals  goal model (GM) Domain  domain model (DM) Environment  presentation model (PM)

28. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Adapt to what? Adapt to Domain model properties

29. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Adapt to what? User  user model (UM) Goals  goal model (GM) Domain  domain model (DM) Environment  presentation model (PM)

30. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Context / environment –aspects of the user’s environment, like browsing device, window size, network bandwidth, processing power, quality of service, etc. Adapt to what?

31. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Index Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt? Obstacles AH New solutions

32. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Classic loop (Brusilovsky, ‘01) ++ / Presentation Model

33. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Adaptive vs. adaptable adaptable adaptive personalized User-tuned System-tuned

34. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Gerhard Fischer 1 HFA Lecture, OZCHI’2000

35. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 A Comparison between Adaptive and Adaptable Systems Gerhard Fischer 1 HFA Lecture, OZCHI’2000

36. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Index Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions

37. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 New, dynamic view of AH t ext link Bits & pieces Bit contains text, MM or link Generation: -only text -only link -text & link t ext link

38. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Solutions in short Standardization Authoring Openness New theoretical frameworks needed! New implementations!

39. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Demo http://www.win.tue.nl/~acristea/Prolearn/

40. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Concluding Adaptive Hypermedia of Past, Present & Future –Definitions –Why AH? –Application areas –What to adapt? –Adapt to what? –How to adapt - past? –(some) New solutions

41. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 New IAS projects on this ALS Minerva project Prolearn

42. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 ALS project in shortissimo Adaptive Learning Spaces Main aim: how to bring adaptivity at group level? –What changes? –Group of learners –Group of authors 8 institutes representing 7 countries 2 years; started on the 1 st of October 2006

43. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Prolearn project in shortissimo NoE: they bring birds of a feather together Warwick as new core partner from 1 st January 2007 http://www.prolearn-project.org/ 21 core partners now Hundreds of associate partners (Warwick included)

44. IAS Seminar 7 November 2006 Any questions?