1. A Look at the Kyoto Protocol Examining the effectiveness of the protocol as a solution for future climate change with an evaluation of the effect of the United States’ refusal to join Michael Phillips and Luke Schiferl

2. Goals of the Kyoto Protocol Annex 1 countries must collectively reduce GHG emissions to 5% below 1990 levels Part of UNFCCC Carbon Credit Trading Treaty will be effective until 2012, at which time a new treaty shall be in place

3. Setup Three Runs: 1.Successful Kyoto 2.Kyoto Never Exists 3.Kyoto Without United States 1 2 3

4. Relative Effectiveness of Kyoto

5. Kyoto Compared to Today

6. Relative Effect of U.S. Not Joining

7. Effect Compared to Today

8. Summary Kyoto is beneficial Is not strong enough Is not a long term solution Needs full compliance Is not enforceable

9. Keys to Future Success More stringent regulations Must have global compliance Must remain short term Must be reviewed Must be enforceable