1. Projects, teamwork and ethics
Work breakdown structure
Scope of work
Budget
Schedule
Teamwork
Elements of a team
Stages of development
Team rules
Ethics
Professional responsibility
State laws
ASME Code of Ethics

2. How do we solve a design problem?
Design problem –FUNCTION
(customer & company requirements) ?
Make a project plan
then execute the plan
Activities
(decision making processes)
Solution - FORM
(manufacturing specifications)

3. Why should we plan a project?
To plan a project we make decisions which answer the following questions
WHAT ? ……...scope of work tasks
WHEN ? ……...schedule
HOW MUCH?..budget
WHO?………...organization chart,
responsibilities table
Without a roadmap…..
how will you know where you are headed?

4. What is a project
Project – Unique sequence of activities (work tasks) undertaken ONCE to achieve a specific set of objectives.
cost
work
scope
performance
time
Changing the length of any leg of the project triangle affects the other legs!

5. Work breakdown structure
Quick,
1 page graphic

6. Scope of work (partial)
Table 3.4 Example scope of work for section 1.
Scope of work (partial)
Narrative description
1.0 Design Problem Formulation
1.1 Visit Site,
Meet with customers, determine desired attributes and parameters
1.2 Complete QFD/HOQ
Determine requirements, engineering characteristics
1.3 Satisfaction Curves,
Determine the satisfaction curves for each engineering characteristic.
1.4 Create EDS
List in-use purposes for the product
List product performance requirements
1.5 Conduct Benchmarking
Research existing products that are currently available
Contact manufacturers and request brochures
Analyze the competition for functionality and performance
1.0 Design Problem Formulation
1.1 Visit Site,
Meet with customers to determine desired attributes and parameters
1.2 Complete QFD/HOQ
Determine requirements, engineering characteristics
1.3 Satisfaction Curves,
Determine the satisfaction curves for each engineering characteristic.
1.4 Create EDS
List in-use purposes for the product
List product performance requirements
1.5 Conduct Benchmarking
Research existing products that are currently available
Contact manufacturers and request brochures
Analyze the competition for functionality and performance
1.6 Contact Customers
Make phone calls to determine pros and cons of current unit
Set an appointment time to witness existing product operation
1.7 Determine parameters
State problem definition parameters
State design variables
State solution evaluation parameters for satisfaction curves
1.8 Determine Schedule
Refine work breakdown structure
Assign a time value to each task
Prepare Gantt chart
1.9 Calculate Budget
Determine total number of engineering hours
Determine total number of expert faculty hours
Sum all hours and material cost
1.10 Outline Work Scope
1.11 Prepare for and conduct design review meeting.

7. Responsibilities table
assist
Responsibilities table
Who does what
responsible

8. Project schedule

9. Project Budget

10. Project notebook Identification Sheet Design problem formulation
Project name, Team member name,
Telephone/ addresses
Design problem formulation
Engineering Design Specifications, customer notes,
QFD, HoQ, Prior art (library research, web) /benchmarks
Alternative generation, analyses & evaluation
Analysis Plan, computations, experiments Citations for equations, data, spreadsheets, sketches, figures, Schematics, drawings, Evaluations
References / Bibliography
Project Engineering
Scope of work, Project schedule & updates Budget, Earned Value Analyses, Risk Assessments Time sheet - Log of work/team mtg hours Punch lists of things to be done
Vendor Information
Telephone numbers, addresses Phone conversations notes Web site printouts Product/vendor literature

11. Organization chart for a design project
Manager
John Smith
Key players
Sales
Marketing
Bob Johnson
Industrial
Design
Stan Tully
Mechanical
Engineering
Sara Hughs
Electrical
Engineering
Jim Parsons
Civil
Engineering
Dave Hart
Purchasing
Jack Driggs
Mfg.
& Industrial
Engineering
Sue Grant

12. Project Teams Definition of a “team” Elements that describe a “team”
How teams change during the project
How to have effective team meetings
Setting “Team Rules”

13. What defines a “team” A team - is a group of people that:
have complementary skills and knowledge
work together toward common goals
hold each other mutually accountable.

14. Elements of a “team”
Communication – Listening, speaking, writing, drawing, etc
Seek first to understand before being understood
Group Decision making
Handoff to management
Voting majority versus minority, unanimous
Consensus thorough discussion, some minor compromises, command decision
Collaboration – committed, cooperate, participate, assist
Team is more important than individual desires
Self-management – (starts with a project plan, however)

15. Stages of Team Development
project initiation
wild enthusiasm
disillusionment
chaos
search for the guilty
punishment of the innocent
promotion of the non-participants, and
definition of the project requirements (Lewis, 2002).
Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing (Tuckman)
Team interaction is dynamic not static!

16. Effective team meetings
Agenda
Effective execution
Start on time
Practice effective listening skills
Facilitate the facilitator
Come prepared
Discuss fact not fiction
Take action
Take minutes
Draft next agenda
Turn-off cell phones

17. Team Rules Commit to the goals of team
Perform assigned tasks completely, accurately, on time.
Respect the contributions of others
Assist other team members when needed
Ask for help before we get into trouble
Follow guidelines for effective meetings
Actively participate in team deliberations
Focus on problems not people or personalities
Constructively resolve conflicts or differences of opinion
Comment clearly and constructively

18. Teamwork What does it mean to be a good team player?
Completes Individual tasks on time
Completes Individual tasks thoroughly
Assists other teammates 
Listens well
Participates in team deliberations
Keeps deliberations on track 
Respects individual differences (ethnicity, gender etc.) 
Solves problems openly, authentically
TEAMWORK EVALUATION SCORECARD (FORM)?

19. What is Professional Responsibility?
definition of responsibility
1. The social force that binds you to your obligations and the courses of action demanded by that force.
definition of profession
1. The body of people in a learned occupation.
2. An occupation requiring special education
(especially in the liberal arts or sciences)
“obligated” …. to follow “courses of action.”

20. When should we be professionally responsible?
Conflicts between individual worker and the company regarding the “public.” Whistle blowing!
1. manufacturing unsafe products
2. illegal hazard waste dumping
3. operating equipment dangerous to public
Profits versus public safety
Making decisions requiring evaluating .....
Whose values do we use? Company manager’s? Our own? Our profession’s?

21. Rules of Professional Responsibility
(State board of registration for PE’s and P. Land Surveyors)
Four major sections in most state laws:
1. Responsibility to the Public
2. Competency for Assignments
3. Conflict of Interest
4. Improper Conduct
State law!
What obligations do we (engineers) have?

22. ASME Code of Ethics – Fundamental Principles
Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor, and dignity of the Engineering profession by:
Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare;
Being honest and impartial, and serving with fidelity the public, their employers and clients; and
Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession.

23. ASME Code of Ethics Fundamental Cannons 1-4
1.  Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in the performance of their professional duties.
2.  Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence.
3.  Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those engineers under their supervision.
4.  Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest.

24. ASME Code of Ethics Fundamental Cannons 5-8
5.  Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and shall not compete unfairly with others.
6.  Engineers shall associate only with reputable persons or organizations.
7.  Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
8.  Engineers shall consider environmental impact in the performance of their professional duties.

25. Guidelines for facilitating ethical problems

26. Guidelines for facilitating ethical problems

27. Summary Design Project – decisions, teamwork, coordination
Project plan – scope of work, schedule, budget
“Teamwork” requires: communication, group decision making, collaboration, self–management
Teams are dynamic… expect changes
Hold “effective meetings”
Set team rules… early in project
Ethics
We are professionally responsibile
Observe state laws
Memorize the ASME Code of Ethics