1. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)1

2. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)2 Associate Professor Family and Community Medicine Department King Saud University By Brucellosis Dr. Salwa Tayel

3. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 3

4. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 4 Brucellosis is primarily a disease affecting animals. It can be transmitted to humans.Brucellosis is primarily a disease affecting animals. It can be transmitted to humans. It is an old disease, Sir David Bruce, isolated the causative agent from a soldier in Malta in 1886It is an old disease, Sir David Bruce, isolated the causative agent from a soldier in Malta in 1886 It remains the commonest zoonotic disease worldwide.It remains the commonest zoonotic disease worldwide. Brucellosis (Malta fever)

5. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 5 An illness characterized by –acute or gradual onset of fever, –night sweats, –undue fatigue, –anorexia, –weight loss, –headache, and –arthralgia Brucellosis Clinical picture

6. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 6 The new global map of human brucellosis 2006

7. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 7 Agent: Brucella species; bacteria Reservoir: Cattle, Sheep and Goat & camel, Swine, …….

8. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 8 The most important routes of animal to human transmission of Brucella

9. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 9 1.Ingestion Consumption of potentially infected milk, milk products, or meat.Consumption of potentially infected unpasteurized milk, milk products, or meat. Unpasteurized cheese, called "village cheese," from endemic areas is a particular risk for touristsUnpasteurized cheese, called "village cheese," from endemic areas is a particular risk for tourists.

10. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 10 2.Direct contact with infected animals, aborted fetus, the placenta and the discharge from vagina. Accidental self inoculation of vaccines.Accidental self inoculation of vaccines. High Risk Groups slaughter-house workers, meat inspectors, animal handlers and veterinarians.

11. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 11 3.Inhalation of aerosols containing the bacteria –aerosol contamination of the conjunctiva In the lab, transmission is via aerosolizationIn the lab, transmission is via aerosolization High Risk Groups Laboratory workers.Laboratory workers.

12. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 12 Transmission In the Middle East and Africa ingestion of contaminated dairy products is an important route of infection.In the Middle East and Africa ingestion of contaminated dairy products is an important route of infection. In USA, Human brucellosis is primarily an occupational hazard (Lab, Vet)In USA, Human brucellosis is primarily an occupational hazard (Lab, Vet)

13. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 13 Prevention 1. Eradication of brucellosis in animals is the key to prevention in humans. surveillance, serologic testing, quarantine and massive immunization of animals in areas with high infection ratessurveillance, serologic testing, quarantine and massive immunization of animals in areas with high infection rates legislation to control marketing and movement of animals.legislation to control marketing and movement of animals.

14. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 14 2. Brucellosis acquired from milk is preventable Legislation to pasteurization of milk and dairy products.Legislation to pasteurization of milk and dairy products. Public health education to avoid drinking untreated milk and dairy products.Public health education to avoid drinking untreated milk and dairy products. 3. Health education for those occupationally at risk (Use of Safety measures). Prevention

15. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 15 Vaccination?! A human Brucella vaccine does not exist.A human Brucella vaccine does not exist. For animals: all are live-attenuated.For animals: all are live-attenuated. Currently, B. abortus RB51 is used to immunize cattleCurrently, B. abortus RB51 is used to immunize cattle B. melitensis REV.1 is used to immunize goats and sheep.B. melitensis REV.1 is used to immunize goats and sheep.

16. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 16 Thank you salwatayel@hotmail.com Bibliotheca Alexandrina

17. 21/1/2008Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis) 17