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Sources of Pollutants Point Source Nonpoint Source

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Presentation on theme: "Sources of Pollutants Point Source Nonpoint Source"— Presentation transcript:

1 Sources of Pollutants Point Source Nonpoint Source
Specific location of concentrated pollutants Factory Waste, Sewage Nonpoint Source Scattered or diffuse sources of pollutants Golf courses, Air-borne, Agriculture

2 Major Types of Ocean Pollution
Oil Pollution Toxic Materials Sewage and Eutrophication Garbage Radioactive Waste

3 Oil Pollution (Courtesy of NOAA)

4 Global Oil Pollution

5 Oil Pollution Sources Runoff: 363 million gallons/year
Maintenance: 137 million gallons/year Air Pollution: 92 million gallons/year Natural Seeps: 62 million gallons/year Big Spills: 37 million gallons/year Offshore Drilling: 15 million gallons/year

6 Effects of Oil Pollution
Kills marine animals Destroys insulation Death through ingestion Damages ecosystems Destroys coastal flora and fauna Devastates local economies

7 Toxic Materials (Courtesy of Student Environmental Action Coalition)

8 Toxic Materials Heavy Metals Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Lead, Mercury, Cadmium Dioxin, PCBs, PAHs Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Dioxin Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

9 Toxic Materials Sources Effects Factory Waste Agriculture
Air Pollution Effects Destroy immune function Leads to cancer and other diseases Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation Top predators, such as orcas and tuna can have extremely high levels of toxics

10 Sewage and Eutrophication
(photo: Gordon Dalzell)

11 Sewage and Eutrophication
Sources Cities dump sewage, treated or untreated into ocean Large vessels, such as cruise ships Can dump in pristine areas such as Southeast Alaska

12 Sewage and Eutrophication
Effects Eutrophication: nutrients in sewage cause algae blooms Decomposition of dying bloom uses up oxygen Lack of oxygen kills animals such as fish Introduces pathogens Pathogens in human waste enter food web Can infect people who eat the seafood

13 Garbage

14 Garbage Sources Unregulated dumping
Ships Coastal Communities 14 Billion pounds of garbage are dumped in the ocean each year

15 Garbage Effects Marine animals Fouls ship motors and marine machinery
Become ensnared and die Ingest garbage and die Fouls ship motors and marine machinery

16 Radioactive Waste

17 Radioactive Waste Sources Effects Dumping at sea is banned
Discharge from coastal facilities Effects At sea: not well known On land: causes birth defects and cancer such as leukemia

18 Global Treaties on Ocean Pollution
1972: The London Convention 1973: MARPOL 1982: UNCLOS 1995: GPA

19 1972: The London Convention
Purpose: control all sources of marine pollution and prevent pollution of the sea through regulation of dumping into the sea of waste materials.

20 1972: The London Convention
Black and Grey List Approach Blacklist items were prohibited Mercury, Cadmium, Persistent Plastics, Oil, Radioactive Waste, Organohalogens Grey list items required a permit Arsenic, Copper, Lead, Cyanide, Fluorides, Pesticides and Scrap Metal Banned most ocean dumping of waste produced on land

21

22 1973: MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from only from ships Regulated pollutants that come from ships Oil, Noxious Liquids, Sewage, Garbage, Ship Air Pollution

23 1982: UNCOLS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Globally recognized regime dealing with all matters relating to the Law of the Sea

24 1982: UNCOLS Key Points 12-mile territorial sea around all coastal states Allows for “Transit Passage” of foreign ships through territorial seas Creates Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) Coastal states have 200 mile jurisdiction

25

26 1995: GPA Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities Aims to prevent the degradation of the marine environment from land-based activities

27 1995: GPA Recommendations Identify and assess problems related to
Food Security and Poverty Public Health Coastal Ecosystem Health and Biodiversity Economic and Social Benefits Physical Alteration

28 1995: GPA Recommendations Identify Sources of Degradation
Coastal and Upstream Point Sources Coastal and Upstream Non-Point Sources Atmospheric Deposition Establish Priorities for Action Set Objectives for Priority Problems Determine Strategies to Achieve Objectives

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